2019年上海高考英语真题试卷（word版）下载

绝密★启用前 2019 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷） 英语试卷 （满分 140 分，考试时间 120 分钟） 考生注意： 答题前,务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名,并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上,在答题 纸反而清楚地填写姓名。 I. Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. （（（（（）1. A. Good novels. B. The 20th? century. D. Fuzhou, Road C. A newly opened bookstore. ）2. A. He has had a surgery. B. He has problem on his back. D. He sneezed. C. He met a doctor. ）3. A. Excited. B. Interested. D. Annoying. C. Happy. ）4. A. In Xi’an. B. In Chengdu. D. At home. C. In the company. ）5. A. He is too careful about what he eats. B. He didn’t take exercise before. C. He had a healthy diet before. D. He is leading a healthier life now. （（）6. A. Nutrition. B. Mud. C. Pesticides. D. Water. ）7. A. The habit of learning. B. Taking part in the writing contest. C. Practising writing. D. Taking courses on reading and writing. （（）8. A. She finds the tennis court crowded. B. She likes tennis. C. She is going to fit tennis lessons into her schedule. D. She is too busy to take tennis lessons. ）9. A. He forgot to repair his car. B. He forgot to charge his car battery. C. He forgot to refuel his car. 第 1 页 共 17 页 D. He walked to the park because it is nearby. （） 10. A. Trying to balance the numbers in the report. B. Dealing with the budget. C. Reading the budget report. D. Keeping adding and reading the numbers. Section B Directions: In Section B you will hear two short passages, and one longer conversation ,after each passage. The passages or conversation you will be asked several questions, the passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. （（（）11. A. When they meet strangers. B. When they start a new project. C. When they interview professionals. D. When they enter unknown areas. ）12. A. Because he was a nonfiction writer. B. Because he was sincere. C. Because he was not qualified to write such a kind of book. D. Because he had a note book with him. ）13. A. By producing the unfamiliar to reduce fear. B. By having strength to broaden their stories. C. By taking these advantages to enrich their writing. D. By doing assignment to gain confidence. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following talk. （（（）14. A. Creativity is production of something original and useful. B. Creativity is production of both sides of the brain. C. Creativity is production of the right brain, enhancing by arts. D. Creativity is production of freedom from concrete facts. ‘）15. Ạ. The left brain scans remote memories. B. The left brain concentrates on obvious facts. C. The left brain pulls all thought together. D. The left brain catches connection and locks it. ）16. A. Definition of creativity. B. Fact-finding. D. The right side of the brain. C. The left side of the brain. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. （）17. A. Teaching in a remote village. B. A volunteer experience. C. A part time job. D. Perseverance. （）18. Ạ. His father supervised a non-profit art gallery volunteer programme. B. His father used to donate cash to a non-profit art gallery. C. His father was involved in all the activities in the art gallery. 第 2 页 共 17 页 D. His father devoted all his time to the charity activities in the gallery. （（）19. A. To donate cash and things to people who need them. B. To get involved in activities you are passionate about. C. To take part in the charity activities. D. To volunteer to work in a charity group. ）20. A. Passion. C. Perseverance. B. Funds. D. Acknowledgement. ‘II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to makethe passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Millions of Baby Olive Ridley Turtles Emerge in Orissa Nature is full of wonders. In___21___ is one of the most breathtaking sights in nature millions of baby Ridley turtles broke out of their eggshells under the sand at one of their mass nesting grounds in Orissa. The baby turtles started their journey towards the Bay of Bengal____22_____ they emerged from their nest in the southern district of Ganjam, about 175 km from Bhubaneswar. Orissa is the home to three mass nesting sites of the Oliver turtles, a species____23_____ (threaten) with extinction, and one of the sites. Gahirmatha, ____24____ around 70 to 80 million turtles lay eggs on the beach every year, is considered one of the world’s largest nesting sites. The female turtles drag_____25_____ up the beach from the sea, dig a nest, lay at least one hundred eggs, cover and conceal their eggs and nest, and then return to the sea, The females never visit the nest again to take care of the eggs that ____26______(deposit) in the warm sand. The baby turtles emerge from the eggs after 45—60 days, then the babies grow without their mother, which is a rare phenomenon in nature. Interestingly, it is on the same beach where they were born ____27____the females lay their eggs. In the recent years, sea erosion has led to many turtles’ nest ____28_____ (damage) or destroyed. Also, some fierce animals such as dogs and birds _____29___ ( reduce) the number of nesting turtles, And. of course man has also had a negative impact ____30_____using engine-powered fishing boats near the turtles’ nesting grounds. 21. _________ 26. _________ 22. ________ 27. _________ 23. _______ 28. _________ 24. _________ 29. _________ 25. _________ 30. _________ Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. counting E. focus B. determinted F . modified C. distraction G. naturally K. significant D. environmental H. performing I. worsening J. comprehensively 第 3 页 共 17 页 Myopia, or short-sightedness, is a condition in which distant objects appear blurred, but closer objects can usually be seen in sharp focus, Its biological basis is an eye that, during childhood, has grown too long for its optical power. The focal plane for images of distant objects ends up in front of the retina, causing out-of-____31____ perception. Myopia was once regarded as almost totally genetically____32____. But its prevalence has increased spectacularly in urban mainland China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Singapore, Japan and South Korea, where 80-90% of those completing high school are now short-sighted. This is up from 20-30% only two generations ago. Since gene pools do not change that fast, these massive changes must be due to____33____ change. In 2005, we____34____ reviewed the research on myopia and found a correlation with education. (This was not a particularly novel insight; such a link was postulated as far back as Kepler in 1604.) We found locations with a high prevalence of myopia were all top performers in surveys of international educational outcomes. Fortunately, not all high -____35____ locations, Australia among them, showed a high prevalence of myopia. This shows that high educational outcomes do not necessarily lead to myopia. We also hypothesized that all human population groups had a tendency to develop myopia under particular environmental conditions. Indeed, North America and Europe have seen growing rates of myopia, although they are still nowhere near as high as in East and Southeast Asia. A common cutoff for high myopia is – 5 diopters. This means vision is blurred beyond 20cm from the eyes. Such severe or high myopia increases with age and can lead to visual impairment that can’t be corrected. The prevalence of high myopia has now reached 20% in young adults in East and Southeast Asia, which foreshadows major increases in visual____36____ and blindness as these young adults age. So prevention of myopia has become crucial, particularly for East and Southeast Asia. Australia has____37____ low levels of myopia with a lifestyle that emphasizes outdoors activities. Young children report spending two to three hours a day outside, not____38____ time outdoors at school. However, there are formidable barriers to achieving this benchmark in locations where spending time outdoors is seen as a____39____ from study. Policy responses must therefore also aim to slow the progression of myopia, the phenomenon in which mild to____40____ myopia becomes more severe during childhood. There is currently controversy over whether time outdoors slows progression, but strong seasonal effects on progression suggest that it may. 31. _________ 36. _________ 32. ________ 37. _________ 33. _______ 38. _________ 34. _________ 39. _________ 35. _________ 40. _________ III. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context . We’re told that writing is dying. Typing on keyboards and screens____41____ written communication today. Learning cursive, joined-up handwriting was once____42____ in schools. But now, not so much. Countries such as Finland have dropped joined-up handwriting lessons in schools____43____ typing courses. And in the US, the requirement to learn cursive has been left out of core standards since 2013. A few US states still place value on formative cursive education, 第 4 页 共 17 页 such as Arizona, but they’ re not the____44____. Some experts point out that writing lessons can have indirect____45____. Anne Trubek, author of The History and Uncertain Future of Handwriting, argues that such lessons can reinforce a skill called automaticity. That’s when you’ve perfected a task, and can do it almost without thinking, ____46____ you extra mental bandwidth to think about or do other things while you’re doing the task. In this sense, Trubek likens handwriting to____47____. “Once you have driven for a while, you don’t____48____ think ‘Step on gas now’ [or] ‘Turn the steering wheel a bit’,” she explains. “You just do it. That’s what we want children to____49____ when learning to write. You and I don’t think ‘now make a loop going up for the ‘1’- or “now look for the letter ‘r’ on the keyboard. Trubek has written many essays and books on handwriting, and she doesn’t believe it will die out for a very 1ong time, “if ever”. But she believes students are learning automaticity faster with keyboards than with handwriting: students are learning how to type without looking at the keys at____50____ ages , and to type faster than they could write, granting them extra time to think about word choice or sentence structure. In a piece penned (if you’ll pardon the expression) for the New York Times last year, Trubek argued that due to the improved automaticity of keyboards, today’s children may well become better communicators in text as____51____ takes up less of their education. This is a(n) ____52____ that has attracted both criticism and support. She explains that two of the most common arguments she hears from detractors regarding the decline of handwriting is that not____53____ it will result in a “loss of history” and a “loss of personal touch”. On the former she____54____ that 95% of handwritten manuscripts can’t be read by the average person anyway — “that’s why we have paleographers,” she explains, paleography being the study of ancient styles of writing — while the latter refers to the warm____55____ we give to handwritten personal notes, such as thank-you cards. Some educators seem to agree, at least to an extent, (466 words) （（（）41. A. abandons ）42. A. compulsory ）43. A. in want of C. in favour of B. dominates B. opposite C. enters D. absorbs D. relevant C. crucial B. in case of D. in addition to （（）44. A. quantity ）45. A. responsibility C. resources B. minimum C. quality B. benefits D. structure D. majority （（（）46. A. granting ）47. A. sleeping ）48. A. eventually C. equivalently B. getting B. driving C. bringing D. coming C. reviewingD. operating B. constantly D. consciously （（（（（（）49. A. adopt B. reach C. acquire C. faster D. activate ）50. A. slower ）51. A. handwriting ）52. A. trust B. later D. earlier B. adding B. look C. forming C. view D. understanding D. smile ）53. A. containing ）54. A. commits B. spreading B. counters C. choosing C. completes D. protecting D. composes 第 5 页 共 17 页 （）55. A. associations B. resources C. procedures D. іntеraсtіonѕ Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) The Work You Do, the Person You Are All I had to do for the two dollars was clean Her house for a few hours after school. It was a beautiful house, too, with a plastic-covered sofa and chairs, wall-to-wall blue-and-white carpeting, a white enamel stove, a washing machine and a dryer — things that were common in Her neighborhood, absent in mine. In the middle of the war, she had butter, sugar, steaks, and seam-up-the-back stockings. I knew how to scrub floors on my knees and how to wash clothes in our zinc tub, but I had never seen a Hoover vacuum cleaner or an iron that wasn’t heated by fire. Part of my pride in working for Her was earning money I could squander: on movies, candy, paddleballs, jacks, ice-cream cones. But a larger part of my pride was based on the fact that I gave half my wages to my mother, which meant that some of my earnings were used for real things — an insurance-policy payment or what was owed to the milkman or the iceman, The pleasure of being necessary to my parents was profound. I was not like the children in folktales; burdensome mouths to feed，nuisances to be corrected , problems so severe that they were abandoned to the forest. I had a status that doing routine chores in my house did not provide —and it earned me a slow smile, an approving nod from an adult, Confirmations that I was adultlike, not childlike, In those days, the forties, children were not just loved or liked; they were needed. They could earn money; they could care for children younger than themselves；they could work he farm, take care of the herd, run errands, and much more. I suspect that children aren’t needed in that way now. They are loved, doted on, protected, and helped. Fine, and yet. Little by little, I got better at cleaning Her house — good enough to be given more to do, much more. I was ordered to carry bookcases upstairs and, once, to move a piano from one side of a room to the other, I fell carrying the bookcases. And after pushing the piano my arms and legs hurt so badly. I wanted to refuse; or at least to complain, but I was afraid she would fire me, and I would lose the freedom the dollar gave me, as well as the standing I had at home — although both were slowly being eroded. She began to offer me her clothes, for a price. Impressed by these worn things, which looked simply gorgeous to a little girl who had only two dresses to wear to school, I bought a few. Until my mother asked me if I really wanted to work for castoffs. So I learned to say “No, thank you” to a faded sweater offered for a quarter of a week’s pay. Still, I had trouble summoning the courage to discuss or object to the increasing demands she made. And I knew that if I told my mother how unhappy I was she would tell me to quit. Then one day, alone in the kitchen with my father, I let drop a few whines about the job. I gave him details, examples of what troubled me, yet although he listened intently, I saw no sympathy in his eyes. No “Oh, you poor little thing.” Perhaps he understood that what I wanted was a solution to the job, not an escape from it, In any case, he put down his cup of coffee and said, “Listen. You don’t live 第 6 页 共 17 页 there. You live here. With your people. Go to work. Get your money. And come on home.” That was what he said. This was what I heard. Whatever the work is, do it well — not for the boss but for yourself. You make the job; it doesn’t make you. Your real life is with us, your family. You are not the work you do; you are the person you are. I have worked for all sorts of people since then, geniuses and morons, quick-witted and dull, bighearted and narrow. I’ve had many kinds of jobs, but since that conversation with my father I have never considered the level of labor to be the measure of myself, and I have never placed the security of a job above the value of home. （）56. What is the “pleasure”, of the author from the sentence. “the pleasure of being necessary to my parents was profound. (paragraph 3)”? A. She was proud as she could earn money for her mother. B. Her own value of being needed. C. She is distinctive from those children in folktales. D. She enjoyed a status of being an adult in her family. （）57. According to the article, which of the following is true about children in the and now? 1940s A. Children become needed, loved and liked when they are at forty. B. Children in modern times are less likely to be spoiled by parents. C. Children in 1940s are capable as they can handle various daily routine. D. Children in modern times aren’t needed to do daily works any more. （（）58. What did the author’s father make her understand? A. Don’t escape from difficulties at work. B. Whatever decision she made, her father would support her. C. Convey her dissatisfaction with her work. D. Make a distinction between work and life. ）59. Which of the following corresponds to the author’s views in the passage? A. Don’t regard work achievement as a criterion for evaluating oneself. B. Hard work is a struggle for a better future in your limited life. C. Parents are the best teachers of children. D. Job security is less valuable when compare with family. （B） GEOGRAPHY — GLOBALIZATION AND DEVELOPMENT MAJOR (B. A. ) Geographers are interested in the spatial patterns observed on earth. Bridging the natural and social sciences, Geography is the interdisciplinary study of environments and how people interact with the environment. It is important to study geography because many of the world’s problems require understanding the interdependence between human activities and the environment. Geography is therefore a beneficial major for students because its theories and methods provide them with analytical skills relevant to occupations focused on solving social and environmental problems. The Department of Geography offers eight majors that help students tailor their focus of study. The Geography—Globalization and Development major will provide students with a 第 7 页 共 17 页 sophisticated understanding of contemporary global issues and a geographical framework for analyzing key issues involved in national and international development, especially as it relates to the global south. Reflecting the discipline of geography as a whole, this major emphasizes an integrated approach to studying the relationship of global change to individual and community well-being by combining the benefits of area studies with theoretical and topical investigations in the curriculum. Our department is committed to excellence in both teaching and advising. Several of our faculty members have received teaching awards, and we are known across campus for the quality of our advising. As a geography major, you will meet one-on-one with your faculty advisor every semester during advising week, and you are always welcome to talk with your advisor at any time throughout the semester whenever questions may arise. In addition to advising our students about their academic programs, we provide timely information about internships, nationally competitive awards, and other opportunities as they arise, Many of our students’ complete internships and several of our students over the last few years have received nationally competitive awards. For more information about our program, please view this video, visit our website, or contact our Undergraduate Chair, whose information is listed above. Admissions Information Freshmen/ First-Year Admission No requirements beyond University admission requirements. Change of Program Policy No selective or limited admission requirements. External Transfer Admission No requirements beyond University admission requirements. Opportunities Upon Graduation With a liberal arts degree in Geography—Globalization and Development, students are prepared for employment in a variety of fields, including non-profit and government work , particularly in the areas of community and international development. This degree will also prepare students well to work in the private sector in an international context. Graduates from this program will also be well situated to continue on to graduate school or law school, with research and professional interest in academic fields, including, but not limited to geography, public affairs and policy, development studies, and community and regional planning. Browse through dozens of internship opportunities and full-time job postings for Ohio University students and alumni on Handshake, OHIO’s key resource for researching jobs, employers, workshops, and professional development events. （）60. Who can be selected as the target of the geography course in the passage? A. A freshman who has studied in a university. B. A college student majoring in geography. C. A senior high school graduate interested in geography. D. A high school graduate who wants to find a job. （）61. What are the advantages of choosing the geography major in this university in terms of employment? A. Acquiring skills to solve social and environmental problems. B. Understanding contemporary global issues. C. Getting one-on-one information on geography teaching. 第 8 页 共 17 页 D. Achieving more international opportunities. （）62. Where is the most likely place to read this passage? A. In a magazine. B. On the university website. C. In a geographic journal. D. On the enrollment information network. (C) The spread of lit areas could threaten animal ecology and human health Composite image of Europe and North Africa at night, 2016. Credit: NASA Earth Observatory images by Joshua Stevens, using Suomi NPP VIIRS data from Miguel Roman, NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center Artificial light is often seen as a sign of progress： the march of civilization shines a light in the dark; it takes back the night; it illuminates. But a chorus of scientists and advocates argues that unnaturally bright nights are bad not just for astronomers but also for nocturnal animals and even for human health. Now research shows the night is getting even brighter. From 2012 to 2016 the earth’s artificially lit area expanded by an estimated 2.2 percent a year (map), according to a study published last November in Science Advances. Even that increase may understate the problem, however. The measurement excludes light from most of the energy-efficient LED lamps that have been replacing sodium-vapor technology in cities all over the world, says lead study author Christopher Kyba, a postdoctoral researcher at the German Research Center for Geosciences in Potsdam. The new data came from a NASA satellite instrument called the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS). It can measure long wavelengths of light, such as those produced by traditional yellow-and-orange sodium-vapor street lamps. But VIIRS cannot see the short-wavelength blue light produced by white LEDs. This light has been shown to disrupt human sleep cycles and nocturnal animals’ behavior. Credit: Mapping Specialists; Source: “Artificially Lit Surface of Earth at Night Increasing in Radiance and Extent, ”by Christopher C. M. Kyba et al., in Science Advances, Vol. 3, No, 11, Article No. E1701528; November 22, 2017. The team believes the ongoing switch to LEDs caused already bright countries such as Italy, the Netherlands, Spain and the U. S. to register as having stable levels of illumination in the VIIRS data. In contrast, most nations in South America, Africa and Asia brightened, suggesting increases in the use of traditional lighting. Australia actually appeared to lose lit area — but the researchers say that is because wildfires skewed the data. “The fact that VIIRS finds an increase [in many countries], despite its blindness in the part of the spectrum that increased more, is very sad,” says Fabio Falchi, a researcher at Italy’s Light Pollution Science and Technology Institute, who did not participate in the study. In 2016 Falchi, along with Kyba and several other members of his research team, published a global atlas of artificial lighting that showed one third of the world’s population currently lives under skies too bright to see the Milky Way at night. The data also cast doubt on the idea that the LED lighting revolution will lead to energy cost savings. Between 2012 and 2016 the median nation pumped out 15 percent more long- 第 9 页 共 17 页 wavelength light as its GDP increased by 13 percent. And overall, countries’ total light production correlated with their GDP. In other words, Kyba says, “We buy as much light as we are willing to spend money on. （（（（）63. Which is not true about the spread of lit areas? A. Lit area expanded by an estimated 2.2 percent a year. B. Artificial light is often seen as a sign of progress. C. The increase in GDP is due to the increase in light. D. It is bad for nocturnal animals and even for human health. ）64. Which of the following about VIIRS is NOT true according to the passage? A. It is a kind of NASA satellite device. B. It can record and analyzed long-wavelength light. C. The blue light generated by white LEDs can disrupt human sleep cycles. D. VIIRS has found an increase of traditional lighting in lots of nations. ） 65. According to the article, what we can know about the LEDs? A. Artificial LED lights at nights are harmful to people’ s health. B. It is a sign of civilization in modern society. C. The blue light disrupts human and animals’ life cycles. D. Artificially lit surface of Earth increasing because of LEDs. ）66. The author writes this article to____________. A. showthe VIIRS data from NASA. B. demonstratethe significance of VIIRS for its measurement of wavelengths. C. revealthe relationship between wavelength light and GDP. D. arouse people’ s awareness of light pollution. Section C Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. A. It means that different team is accessible to you. B. Belonging to your favorite team stimulates your confidence. C. That identity is first and foremost. D. The more we follow a team, the deeper the bond becomes. E. In that sense, your fạvorite team can serve the same purpose as church and family: Fostering a sense of belonging. F. This refers to the inclination by fans to distance themselves from their team after a defeat. “Our research has shown that the No.1 reason people become fans is that it’ s your connection to your first community,” said Adam Earnhardt, chairman of the communications department at Youngstown State University and co-author of “Sports Fans, Identity and Socialization: Exploring the Fandemonium.” I don’t care if a Seattle fan moves to China, he or she carries with them their love for the sports teams, he said.“____67______” ____68_____And when a team begins to catch fire, as with, say, the Mariners in’ 95 or the Seahawks of recent vintage, well, it’s east to get swept up in the wave. “It’s phenomenal,” said Simons. “We have this ability to understand other people so remarkably that their victories literally become ours. Our testosterone literally responds to their 第 10 页 共 17 页 victory. _____69____They’reus, and competing on a literal level as us — a little extension of us.” Professor Robert Cialdini at Arizona State University came up with the term BIRG — Basking In Reflected Glory — to describe the intense pride fans feel when their teams succeed. It can be used as a verb, as in, “Seahawks’ fans are currently BIRGing up a storm.” The counterpoint, as coined by researchers C. R. Snyder, MaryAnne Lassergard and Carol E. Ford, is the concept of CORFing — Cutting Off Reflected Failure. _____70___We’ve all heard it in action: We won, but they lost. This leads into another concept, that of cognitive bias, also known as confirmation bias, which causes fans to help explain away defeats by blaming outside factors, such as referees. I’m sure it would also help explain why Seahawks fans rallied around Richard Sherman after his postgame interview, rationalizing behavior that was widely criticized by many fans with no vested interest. It could also explain the notion, of “eustress,” invented by endocrinologist Hans Selye to refer to a combination of euphoria and stress, such as that resulting from watching tense sporting events. Indeed, it’s much of the appeal. 67. _______ 68. ___________69. ____________70. ____________ IV. Summary Writing Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. It’s undeniable: Being among the first to try out a new piece of technology is cool. There’ s the thrill of doing what has never been done before — the feeling that you’re living in the future. And when you’re the sole member of your social circle with the latest hot gadget, people stare in fascination. They ask you questions. They see you as the holder of powerful, secret knowledge. — for a little while, until the next big thing comes along. People tend to underestimate the costs of this temporary coolness, which they pay in more ways than one. Don’t fall into the early adopter trap. Don’t join the first wave of onsumers who invest in the latest media-hyped hardware; instead, wait and see. To put it bluntly, early adoption is a bad investment. First, the earliest versions of devices are not only expensive, they are also the most expensive that those devices will ever be. Companies are presumably attempting to recover the cost of production as fast as they can, and they know that there are serious tech-lovers who will pay a great deal to be first. Once the revenues from early adopters’ purchases are safely in their hands, they can cut the price and shift to the next marketing phase: selling the product to everyone else, This is why the cost of the original iPhone dropped about US $200 only eight months after its release, Plus, electronics hardly ever become more expensive because intense competition in the industry puts downward pressure on prices over time. Prices of gadgets will fall shortly after release, and they will likely keep falling. Many new TV models drop significantly in price as little as ten days after hitting the market. Further, electronics rapidly depreciate because they become obsolete so quickly. This means that early adopters pay the maximum price for an item to that does not hold onto its value. The resale price of a cell phone or laptop can drop by fifty percent within just a few months. Speaking of becoming obsolete, those who are first to leap into a new technology risk wasting money and time on something that will never catch on. Another good reason to resist the early-adoption temptation is that the first version of a product typically has defects that cost a lot 第 11 页 共 17 页 in time and frustration. Such problems are so common with new technology that early adopters are basically unpaid beta testers and troubleshooters. Unless this sounds to you like a fun way to spend your time, don’t be among the first users. If you wait to learn what the problems are with a new electronic gadget, you can look forward to a smoother experience — or choose a less troublesome product. ______________________________________________________________________________ V. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English， using the words given in the brackets. 72. 爷爷有点耳背，对他耐心一点。(patient) _______________________________________________________________________________ 73. 和学生时代的他相比，那名士兵简直判若两人(How) _______________________________________________________________________________ 74. 随着体力逐渐恢复正常，那名业余自行车手的夺冠之梦不再遥不可及。(normal) _______________________________________________________________________________ 75. 值得–提的是，在王老师影响下，她的同事们更关注孩子们的努力，而不是他们的成 绩。(as…as…) _______________________________________________________________________________ VI. Guided Writing Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假如你是李敏，在一本英文旅游杂志上，你发现了这样一条信息:某古城景区对当地人收费 5 美元，对外国人收费 15 美元，针对这一情况，请你以李敏的口吻给该杂志编辑写一封信， 要求。 1. 介绍一下你在杂志上看到的内容; 2. 自己针对此事的态度以及理由。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 第 12 页 共 17 页 2019 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 上海英语试卷听力文字及参考答案 I. Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. M: Is there a new bookstore on Fuzhou Road? W: Yes, it’s got very good novels of the 20th century. Q: Whatare the speakers mainly talking about? (C) 2. W: Mike, are you OK? M: I injured my back yesterday just by sneezing. My doctor said I need surgery. Q: What can be learned about the man? (B) 3. M: Which team are you going to support? W: You’re not going to talk about football again, are you? That’s it. Q: Howdoes the woman feel about discussing football? (D) 4. M: Mary is not in the company. Has she returned from Xi’an yet? W: Yes, but before she went to Chengdu yesterday, she had been home for only one day. Q: Where is Mary Now? (B) 5. M: What? Steven is drinking orange juice. W: You can’t believe it. Now, he’s careful about what he eats and takes regular exercise. Q: What does the woman imply about Steven? (D) 6. M: I’ve moved the flower into the garden and watered it every day. How come it is still not doing well? W: Well, why not add some fertilizer? Maybe that’ll help. Q: According to the woman, what may the flower need? (A) 第 13 页 共 17 页 7. M:Wow, you won the first prize in the writing contest. You haven’t taken any courses on reading and writing. W: But I’ve been keeping a diary since childhood. Q: Accordingto the woman, what helped her win the contest? (C) 8. M:You like tennis so much. Why not take some lessons? They start next week. W: How am I going to fit that into my crowded schedule? Q: What does the woman mean? (D) 9. W:Walk to the park? You must be kidding! It takes only five minutes to drive there. M: If I had remembered to charge my car. Q: What can be learned about the man? (B) 10. W:You’ve been dealing with that budget report for nearly an hour. Anything wrong? M: I keep adding and reading the numbers but they just don’t balance. Q: What is the man doing? (B) Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation, after each passage or conversation you will be asked several questions, the passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. It’s common for you, nonfiction writers, to go forth into an area you know little about. You may worry that you are not qualified to bring the story back. I feel that anxiety every time I start a new project. I felt it when I went to Bradenton to write my baseball book “Spring training.” Although I’ve been a baseball fan all my life, I had never done any sports reporting; never interviewed a professional athlete. Any of the man? I approached with a notebook could have asked, “What else have you written about baseball?” But nobody did. They didn’t ask, because I was sincere. It was obvious to those men that I really wanted to know how they did their work. Remember this. When you enter a new area and need a shot of 第 14 页 共 17 页 confidence» what matters is how you do it. Also remember that your assignment may not be as narrow as you think. Often it will turn out to touch some unexpected corner of your experience or your education» enabling you to broaden the story with strength of your own. Every such production of the unfamiliar will reduce your fear. Questions： 11. According to the speaker, when may non-fiction writers feel worried? (D) 12. Why did nobody in Bradenton care about what the speaker had written before? (B) 13. According to the speaker, how does non-fiction writers’ experience or education benefit them? (C) Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following talk. The accepted definition of creativity is production of something original and useful, and it is commonly thought that creativity occurs on the right side of the brain;and the arts, play an important role in enhancing it. But according to a new research, creativity isn’t about freedom from concrete facts. Rather, fact-finding is vital in the creative process. It’s the result of both sides of your brain working together. To understand this, we need to take a look at what leads to creativity. When you try to solve a problem, you begin by concentrating on obvious facts and familiar solutions to see if the answer lies there. This is done mostly by the left side However, if the answer doesn’t come, the right and left sides of the brain activate together. The right side scans remote memories that could be vaguely relevant. A wide range of distant information that is normally ignored becomes available to the left side. Then the left side catches whatever connection it may have with the problem and quickly locks in on it before it escapes. With extremely focused attention, the brain quickly pulls together these pieces of thought and combines them into a new single idea, as the brain recognizes the originality of what it has come up with, a sense of pleasure will arise. Questions： 14. What do people commonly think of creativity? (C) 15. According to the passage, how does the left side of the brain contribute to creative process? (D) 第 15 页 共 17 页 16. What is the passage mainly about? (B) Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. W: Hello. Peter. I heard you worked in a remote village last month. M: Yes, as a volunteer teaching in a primary school in south eastern China. W: A good choice for the summer vacation. M: For me, it’s not only a choice, but a responsibility. W: You’re right. What can a volunteer generally do? M: Many things, like creating a change in. the surroundings, providing shelter and food to the needy ones. W: So you mean volunteering is not just donating cash or things? M: Right! We prefer to call that charity. W: How did you come up with the idea of volunteering? M: It was my father. He used to supervise a volunteer program in a non-profit art gallery. W: Was it a full-time job for him? M: No, in fact, a part time job. He went to the gallery nearly every weekend. W: Wow, this requires great passion. M: Sure. The best way to volunteer is to get involved in activities we are passionate about. W: Have you had any difficulties as a volunteer? M: Definitely! Lack of respect, acknowledgement, and lack of funds now and then. W: Oh, my! Many obstacles! M: So the most important spirit is perseverance. W: I’d like to join you someday. M: Any time. Questions: 17. What are the two speakers mainly talking about? (B) 18. What volunteer service did the man’s father do? (A) l9. What does the man think is the best way to volunteer? (B) 20. According to the man, which of the following is the most important for a volunteer? (C) II. SectionA 第 16 页 共 17 页 21. what 22. as soon aso (the, moment instant/minute when or so/as long as) 23. Threatened 24. Where 25. Themselves26. were deposited27. that28. being damaged 29. have reduced 30.by Section B 31. E 32. B33. D 34. J35. H 36. I 37. G 38. A 39. C40. F III. Section A 41. B 52. C 53. D 42. A 43. C 44. D 45. B 46. A 47. B 48. D 49. C 50. D 51. A 54.B 55.A Section B (A) 56. C57. C58. D (B) 60.C 61.D 62.B 59. A (C) 63.C 64.B 65.A 66. D Section C 67. C68. E 69. D 70. F IV. 略 V. 72. Grandpa is sort of deaf, and be more patient with him. 73. How different a person the soldier now is from what he was at school! 74. As his physical strength returns to normal, the amateur cyclist’s dream of winning championship will no longer be beyond re..ch. 75. It’s worth mentioning that under the influence of Ms. Wang, her colleagues don’t concern as more achievements as their efforts. VI.略 第 17 页 共 17 页