2017年高考英语(江苏卷)-Word版含答案下载

2017 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（江苏卷） 英 语 第Ⅰ卷 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分20 分） 做题时，现将答案标在试卷上，录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转 涂到答题卡上。 第一节（共 5 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 5 分） 听下面 5 段对话，每段对话后有一个小题。从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳 选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅 读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. What does the woman think of the movie? A. It’s amusing. B. It’s exciting. C. It’s disappointing. 2. How will Susan spend most of her time in France? A. Traveling around. C. Looking after her aunt. 3. What are the speakers talking about? A. Going out. B. Studying at a school. B. Ordering drinks. C. Preparing for a party. 4. Where are the speakers? A. In a classroom. 5. What is the man going to do? A. Go on Internet B. In a library. C. In a bookstore. C. Take a train trip. B. Make a phone call. 第二节（共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 15 分） 听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选 项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题秒钟；听完后， 各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第 6 段材料，回答第 6、7 题。 6. What is the woman looking for? A. An information office. 7. What is the Town Guide according to the man? B. A police station C. A shoe repair shop. C. A map. A. A brochure. B. A newspaper. 听第 7 段材料，回答第 8、9 题。 8. What does the man say about the restaurant? A. It’s the biggest one around. B. It offers many tasty dishes. C. It’s famous for its seafood. 9. What will the woman probably order? A. Fried fish B. Roast chicken. C. Beef steak. 听第 8 段材料，回答第 10 至 12 题。 10. Where will Mr. White be at 11 o’clock? A. At the office B. At the airport. C. At the restaurant. C. Read a report. 11. Where will Mr. White probably do at one in the afternoon? A. Receive a guest. B. Have a meeting. 第 1 页 共 22 页 12. Where will Miss Wilson see Mr. White? A. At lunch time. B. Late in the afternoon. C. The next morning. 听第 9 段材料，回答第 13 至 16 题。 13. Why is Bili going to Germany? A. To work on a project. B. To study German. C. To start a new company. 14. What did the woman dislike about Germany? A. The weather. 15. What does Bill hope to do about his family? A. Bring them to Germany. C. Visit them in a few months. 16.What is the probable relationship between the speakers？ B. The food. C. The schools. C. Classmates. B. Leave them in England. A. Fellow-travelers. B. Colleagues. 听第 10 段材料，回答第 17 至 20 题。 17.When did it rain last time in Juárez？ A. Three days ago. 18.What season is it now in Juárez？ A. Spring. B. A month ago. B. Summer C. A year ago. C. Autumn. 19.What are the elderly advised to do？ A. Take a walk in afternoon. C. Drink plenty of water. B. Keep their homes cool. 20.What is the speaker doing？ A. Hosting a radio program. C. Forecasting the weather. B. Conducting a seminar. 第二部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分 35 分） 第一节：单项填空（共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 15 分） 请阅读下面各题，从题中所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡 上将该项涂黑。 21. Many Chinese brands, __________ their reputations over centuries, are facing new challenges from the modern market. A. having developed C. developed B. being developed D. developing 22. __________ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty. A. It wereB. Were itC. It wasD. Was it 23. Located _________ the Belt meets the Road, Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction. A. why B. when C. which D. where 24. The publication of Great Expectations, which _________ both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens’ status as a leading novelist. A. is 25. Working with the medical team in Africa has _________ the best in her as a doctor. A. held outB. brought outC. picked outD. given out B. are C. was D. were 26. We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of _________ it used to charge. 第 2 页 共 22 页 A. that B. which C. what D. how 27. He hurried home, never once looking back to see if he _________. A. was being followed C. had been followed B. was following D. followed 28. In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of _______ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation. A. which 29. Only five years after Steve Jobs’ death, smart-phones defeated _________ PCs in sales. A. controversialB. contradictoryC. confidentialD. conventional 30. A quick review of successes and failures at the end of year will help _________ your year ahead. A. shapeB. switchC. stretchD. sharpen 31. He’s been informed that he _________ for the scholarship because of his academic background. A. hasn’t qualifiedB. hadn’t qualifiedC. doesn’t qualifyD. wasn’t qualifying 32. Determining where we are _________ our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival. B. it’s C. whose D. whom A.in contrast to B.in defense of C.in face of D.in relation to 33. — What does the stuff on your T-shirt mean? — It’s nothing. Just something _________. A. as clear as day B. off the top of my head C. under my nose D. beyond my wildest dreams 34. The disappearance of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astronomical incidents. But _________ explanations are hard to find. A. alternative B. aggressive C. ambiguous D. apparent 35. — Going to watch the Women’s Volleyball Match on Wednesday? — __________! Will you go with me? A. You there B. You bet C. You got me D. You know better 第二节：完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 20 分） 请阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在 答题卡上将该项涂黑。 For a long time Gabriel didn’t want to be involved in music at all. In his first years of high school, Gabriel would look pityingly at music students,36 acrossthe campus with their heavy instrument cases. 37at school for practice hours38 anyoneelse had to be there. He swore to himself to 39 music, as he hated getting to school extra early. 40 ,one day, in the music class that was41 ofhis school’s standard curriculum, he was playing idly (随意地) on the piano and found it42 topick out tunes. With a sinking feeling, he realized that he actually43 doingit. He tried to hide his44 pleasurefrom the music teacher, who had 45 over to listen. He might not have this particularly well, 46 theteacher told Gabriel that he had a good 47 andsuggested that Gabriel go into the music store-room to see if any of the instruments there48 him.There he decided to give the cello (大提琴) a49 .When he began practicing, he took it very50 .Buthe quickly found that he loved playing this instrument, and was51 topracticing it so that within a couple of months he was playing reasonably well. This 52 ,of course, that he arrived at school early in the morning, 53 his heavy .instrument case across the campus to the54 looksof the non-musicians he had left55 36. A. travelling 37. A. rising up 38. A. before B. marching B. coming up B. after C. pacing C. driving up C. until D. struggling D. turning up D. since 第 3 页 共 22 页 39. A. betray 40. A. Therefore 41. A. part 42. A. complicate 43. A. missed 44. A. transparent 45. A. run B. accept B. However B. nature B. safe B. disliked B. obvious B. jogged B. but C. avoid C. Thus C. basis C. confusing C. enjoyed C. false C. jumped C. though C. heart D. appreciate D. Moreover D. spirit D. easy D. denied D. similar D. wandered D. so 46. A. because 47. A. ear B. taste D. voice 48. A. occurred 49. A. change 50. A. seriously B. took to B. chance B. proudly C. appealed C. mission C. casually D. held to D. function D. naturally 51. A. committed B. used C. limited D. admitted 52. A. proved 53. A. pushing 54. A. admiring 55. A. over B. showed B. dragging B. pitying B. aside C. stressed C. lifting C. annoying C. behind D. meant D. rushing D. teasing D. out 第三部分：阅读理解（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分） 请阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在 答题卡上将该项涂黑。 ACHRONOLOGICA ——The Unbelievable Years that Defined History DID YOU KNOW… ∷In 105AD paper was invented in China? ∷When Columbus discovered the New World? ∷The British Museum opened in 1759? CHRONOLOGICA is a fascinating journey through time, from the foundation of Rome to the creation of the internet. Along the way are tales of kings and queens, hot air balloons… and monkeys in space. Travel through 100 of the most unbelievable years in world history and learn why being a Roman Emperor wasn’t always as good as it sounds, how the Hundred Years’ War didn’t actually last for 100 years and why Spencer Perceval holds a rather unfortunate record. CHRONOLOGICA is an informative and entertaining tour into history, beautifully illustrated and full of unbelievable facts. While CHRONOLOGICA tells the stories of famous people in history such as Thomas Edison and Alexander the Great, this book also gives an account of the lives of lesser-known individuals including the explorer Mungo Park and sculptor Gutzon Borglum. 第 4 页 共 22 页 This complete but brief historical collection is certain to entertain readers young and old, and guaranteed to present even the biggest history lover with something new! 56. What is CHRONOLOGICA according to the next? A. A biography. B. A travel guide. C. A history book. D. A science fiction. 57. How does the writer recommend CHRONOLOGICA to readers? A. By giving details of its collection. C. By telling stories at the beginning. B. By introducing some of its contents. D. By comparing it with other books. BBefore birth, babies can tell the difference between loud sounds and voices. They can even distinguish their mother’s voice from that of a female stranger. But when it comes to embryonic learning ( 胎 教 ), birds could rule the roost. As recently reported in The Auk: Ornithological Advances, some mother birds may teach their young to sing even before they hatch ( 孵化) 。 New-born chicks can then imitate their mom’s call within a few days of entering the world. Red-backed fairy wrens (鹪鹩), which live in northern and eastern Australia, lay three or four eggs at a time. This educational method was first observed in 2012 by Sonia Kleindorfer, a biologist at Flinders University in South Australia, and her colleagues. Female Australian superb fairy wrens were found to repeat one sound over and over again while hatching their eggs. When the eggs were hatched, the baby birds made the similar chirp to their mothers—a sound that served as their regular “feed me!” call. To find out if the special quality was more widespread in birds, the researchers sought the red- backed fairy wren, another species of Australian songbird. First they collected sound dated from 67 nests in four sites in Queensland before and after hatching. Then they identified begging calls by analyzing the order and number of notes. A computer analysis blindly compared calls produced by mothers and chicks, ranking them by similarity. It turns out that baby red-backed fairy wrens also emerge chirping like their moms. And the more frequently mothers had called to their eggs, the more similar were the babies’ begging calls. In addition, the team set up a separate experiment that suggested that the baby birds that most closely imitated their mom’s voice were rewarded with the most food. This observation hints that effective embryonic learning could signal neurological (神经系统的) strengths of children to parents. An evolutionary inference can then be drawn. “As a parent, do you invest in quality children, or do you invest in children that are in need?” Kleindorfer asks. “Our results suggest that they might be going for quality.” 58. The underlined phrase in Paragraph 1 means “ A. be the worst ”. B. be the best D. be just as good C. be just as bad 59. What are Kleindorfer’s findings based on? A. Similarities between the calls moms and chicks. B. The observation of fairy wrens across Australia. 第 5 页 共 22 页 C. The data collected from Queensland’s locals. D. Controlled experiments on wrens and other birds. 60. Embryonic learning helps mother birds to identify the baby birds which .A. can receive quality signals C. fit the environment better B. are in need of training D. make the loudest call CA new commodity brings about a highly profitable, fast-growing industry, urging antitrust (反垄 断) regulators to step in to check those who control its flow. A century ago, the resource in question was oil. Now similar concerns are being raised by the giants (巨头) that deal in data, the oil of the digital age. The most valuable firms are Google, Amazon, Facebook and Microsoft. All look unstoppable. Such situations have led to calls for the tech giants to be broken up. But size alone is not a crime. The giants’ success has benefited consumers. Few want to live without search engines or a quick delivery. Far from charging consumers high prices, many of these services are free (users pay, in effect, by handing over yet more data). And the appearance of new-born giants suggests that newcomers can make waves, too. But there is cause for concern. The internet has made data abundant, all-present and far more valuable, changing the nature of data and competition. Google initially used the data collected from users to target advertising better. But recently it has discovered that data can be turned into new services: translation and visual recognition, to be sold to other companies. Internet companies’ control of data gives them enormous power. So they have a “God’s eye view” of activities in their own markets and beyond. This nature of data makes the antitrust measures of the past less useful. Breaking up firms like Google into five small ones would not stop remaking themselves: in time, one of them would become great again. A rethink is required—and as a new approach starts to become apparent, two ideas stand out. The first is that antitrust authorities need to move from the industrial age into the 21st century. When considering a merger (兼并) , for example, they have traditionally used size to determine when to step in. They now need to take into account the extent of firms’ data assets (资产) when assessing the impact of deals. The purchase price could also be a signal that an established company is buying a new-born threat. When this takes place, especially when a new-born company has no revenue to speak of, the regulators should raise red flags. The second principle is to loosen the control that providers of on-line services have over data and give more to those who supply them. Companies could be forced to consumers what information they hold and how many money they make form it. Governments could order the sharing of certain kinds of data, with users’ consent. Restarting antitrust for the information age will not be easy. But if governments don’t wants a data economy by a few giants, they must act soon. 61. Why is there a call to break up giants? A. They have controlled the data market B. They collect enormous private data C. They no longer provide free services D. They dismissed some new-born giants 62. What does the technological innovation in Paragraph 3 indicate? A. Data giants’ technology is very expensive B. Google’s idea is popular among data firms 第 6 页 共 22 页 C. Data can strengthen giants’ controlling position D. Data can be turned into new services or products 63. By paying attention to firms’ data assets, antitrust regulators could .A. kill a new threat B. avoid the size trap C. favour bigger firms D. charge higher prices 64. What is the purpose of loosening the giants’ control of data? A. Big companies could relieve data security pressure. B. Governments could relieve their financial pressure. C. Consumers could better protect their privacy. D. Small companies could get more opportunities. DOld Problem, New Approaches While clean energy is increasingly used in our daily life, global warming will continue for some decades after CO2 emissions (排放) peak. So even if emissions were to begin decrease today, we would still face the challenge of adapting to climate. Here I will stress some smarter and more creative examples of climate adaptation. When it comes to adaptation, it is important to understand that climate change is a process. We are therefore not talking about adapting to a new standard, but to a constantly shifting set of conditions. This is why in part at least, the US National Climate Assessment says that: “There is no ‘one-size fit all’ adaptation.” Nevertheless, there are some actions that offer much and carry little risk or cost. Around the world, people are adapting in surprising ways, especially in some poor countries. Floods have become more damaging in Bangladesh in recent decades. Mohammed Rezwan saw opportunity where others saw only disaster. His not-for-profit organization runs 100 river boats that serve as floating libraries, schools, and health clinics, and are equipped with solar panels and other communicating facilities. Rezwan is creating floating connectivity (连接) to replace flooded roads and highways. But he is also working at a far more fundamental level: his staff show people how to make floating gardens and fish ponds to prevent starvation during the wet season. Elsewhere in Asia even more astonishing actions are being taken. Chewang Norphel lives in a mountainous region in India, where he is known as the Ice Man. The loss of glaciers (冰川) there due to global warming represents an enormous threat to agriculture. Without the glaciers, water will arrive in the rivers at times when it can damage crops. Norphel’s inspiration come from seeing the waste of water over winter, when it was not needed. He directed the wasted water into shallow basins where it froze, and was stored until the spring. His fields of ice supply perfectly timed irrigation (灌溉) water. Having created nine such ice reserves, Norphel calculates that he has stored about 200,000m3 of water. Climate change is a continuing process, so Norphel’s ice reserves will not last forever. Warming will overtake them. But he is providing a few years during which the farmers will, perhaps, be able to find other means of adapting. Increasing Earth’s reflectiveness can cool the planet. In southern Spain the sudden increase of greenhouses (which reflect light back to space) has changed the warming trend locally, and actually cooled the region. While Spain as a whole is heating up quickly, temperatures near the greenhouses have decreased. This example should act as an inspiration for all cities. By painting buildings white, cities may slow down the warming process. In Peru, local farmers around a mountain with a glacier that has already fallen victim to climate change have begun painting the entire mountain peak white in the hope that the added reflectiveness will restore the life-giving ice. The outcome is still far from clear. But the World Bank has included the project on its list of “100 ideas to save the planet”. 第 7 页 共 22 页 More ordinary forms of adaptation are happening everywhere. A friend of mine owns an area of land in western Victoria. Over five generations the land has been too wet for cropping. But during the past decade declining rainfall has allows him to plant highly profitable crops. Farmers in many countries are also adapting like this—either by growing new produce, or by growing the same things differently. This is common sense, but some suggestions for adapting are not. When the polluting industries argue that we’ve lost the battle to control carbon pollution and have no choice but to adapt, it’s a nonsense designed to make the case for business as usual. Human beings will continue to adapt to the changing climate in both ordinary and astonishing ways. But the most sensible form of adaptation is surely to adapt our energy systems to emit less carbon pollution. After all, if we adapt in the way, we may avoid the need to change in so many others. 65. The underlined part in Paragraph 2 implies A. adaptation is an ever-changing process B. the cost of adaptation varies with time .C. global warming affects adaptation forms D. adaptation to climate change is challenging 66. What is special with regard to Rezwan’s project? A. The project receives government support. B. Different organizations work with each other. C. His organization makes the best of a bad situation. D. The project connects flooded roads and highways. 67. What did the Ice Man do to reduce the effect of global warming? A. Storing ice for future use. C. Changing the irrigation time. B. Protecting the glaciers from melting. D. Postponing the melting of the glaciers. 68. What do we learn from the Peru example? A. White paint is usually safe for buildings. B. The global warming tread cannot be stopped. C. This country is heating up too quickly. D. Sunlight reflection may relieve global warming. 69. According to the author, polluting industries should .A. adapt to carbon pollution C. leave carbon emission alone B. plant highly profitable crops D. fight against carbon pollution 70. What’s the author’s preferred solution to global warming? A. setting up a new standard. C. Adapting to climate change. B. Reducing carbon emission. D. Monitoring polluting industries. 第四部分：任务型阅读（共 10 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 10 分） 请阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。 注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填一个单词。 Population Change Why is the world’s population growing? The answer is not what you might think. The reason for the explosion is not that people have been reproducing like rabbits, but that people have stopped dropping dead like flies. In 1900, people died at the average age of 30. By 2000 the average age was 65. But while increasing health was a typical feature of the 20th century, declining birth rate could be a defining one of the 21st. Statistics show that the average number of births per woman has fallen from 4.9 in the early 1960s to 2.5 nowadays. Furthermore, around 50% of the world’s population live in regions where the figure is now below the replacement level (i.e. 2.1 births per woman) and almost all developed nations 第 8 页 共 22 页 are experiencing sub-replacement birth rate. You might think that developing nations would make up the loss (especially since 80% of the world’s people now live in such nations), but you’d be wrong. Declining birth rate is a major problem in many developing regions too, which might cause catastrophic global shortages of work force within a few decades. A great decline in young work force is likely to occur in China, for instance. What does it imply? First, China needs to undergo rapid economic development before a population decline hits the country. Second, if other factors such as technology remain constant, economic growth and material expectations will fall well below recent standards and this could invite trouble. Russia is another country with population problems that could break its economic promise. Since 1992 the number of people dying has been bigger than that of those being born by a massive 50%. Indeed official figures suggest the country has shrunk by 5% since 1993 and people in Russia live a shorter life now than those in 1961. Why is this occurring? Nobody is quite sure, but poor diet and above all long-time alcoholism have much to do with it. If current trends don’t bend, Russia’s population will be about the size of Yemen’s by the year 2050. In the north of India, the population is booming due to high birth rates, but in the south, where most economic development is taking place, birth rate is falling rapidly. In a further twist, birth rate is highest in poorly educated rural areas and lowest in highly educated urban areas. In total, 25% of India’s working-age population has no education. In 2030, a sixth of the country’s potential work force could be totally uneducated. One solution is obviously to import foreign workers via immigration. As for the USA, it is almost unique among developed nations in having a population that is expected to grow by 20% from 2010- 2030. Moreover, the USA has a track record of successfully accepting immigrants. As a result it’s likely to see a rise in the size of its working-age population and to witness strong economic growth over the longer term. 第 9 页 共 22 页 Population Change The birth rate in the 21st century may be much (71) _________ than it was in the 20th. It would be difficult for developed countries to maintain the (72) _________ of population. Decline of the birth rate The impact of dropping birth rate on developing countries may not be (73) _________ but disastrous. To guarantee its economic growth, China needs to deal with the population issue properly, as its workers are getting (75) _________. The (76) __________ death of Russians may result in a shrinking population, which would damage its economic future. It would be better if it can change people’s way of (77) _________. Population and (74) _________ pressure Leaving aside the birth rate issue, India’s economy may take off when the country achieves (78) _________ of educational opportunity. The USA will increase, from 2010-2030, its population by 20% through (79) _________. This will (80) _________ for the lack of young work force. American solution 第五部分：书面表达（满分 25 分） 81. 请认真阅读下面有关我国电影票房收入（box-office income）的柱状图及相关文字，并按照 要求用英语写一篇 150 词左右的文章。 第 10 页 共 22 页 Saturday Afternoon. In a Shopping Centre. Li Jiang: Hi, Su Hua. Which movie shall we see? Su Hua: Whatever. We’re got so many choice, Kung Fu Yoga, Journey to the West…….Each sounds great! Li Jiang: Yeah! And some movie stars are fantastic. Su Hua: And the high-tech! … Li Jiang: Perfect! Let’s get one food first. We only have 20 minutes left. Su Hua: No hurry. The cinema is on the same floor. ꢀOne Day in 2017. At Home. Son: Mum, shall we go and see a film to night? ꢀMother: Why bother? We can stay at home and watch films online. It’s convenient with our new and faster network Son: But it feels good in a cinema. ꢀMother: And the price… We have to pay 50 yuan a ticket Son: Only 10 yuan more than last year. ꢀMother: But still we cannot get the money’s worth. Some films are just boring… 【写作内容】 1. 用约 30 个单词概述柱状图信息的主要内容； 2.ꢀ我国电影票房收入变化的原因有哪些，简要谈谈你的看法（上述对话仅供参考，原因不少于 两点）； 3. 谈谈你对我国电影票房收入走向的看法，并简要说明理由。 【写作要求】 1. 写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句； 2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称； 3. 不必写标题。 【评分标准】 内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。 第 11 页 共 22 页 英语试题参考答案及解析 一、听力部分 【听力原文】 Text 1 W: Have you seen the movie “Hangover”? We went to see it last night. M: How was it? W: Jason thought it was extremely amusing, but I was a bit disappointed. Text 2 M: Susan, I heard you are going to France. How long will you be staying there? W: A whole year. My aunt lives there. I’m going to do a one-month course at a language school and spend the rest of the time traveling. Text 3 M: Let’s see what drinks you’ve got for the party tonight. W: Everything! Beer, wine, soft drinks like Coke, 7-Up… you name it, I’ve got it! Have you ordered the cake? M: Of course. Text 4 M: I don’t have a library card. Do I need one? W: You have to have one only to take books out. You’re okay if you just sit in one of the rooms reading. M: Well then, I’ll just read here. Thank you. Text 5 W: I wish I knew the times of the trains to London.But our phone’s out of order. M: Don’t worry, Grandma. I’ll find out for you on the Internet. W: Thank you! Text 6 W: Excuse me. I wonder if you could tell me how to find a place to have my shoes mended. I’m new in town. M: Ah, there is a good shop not far from here. Go straight ahead and walk about three blocks. I can’t remember the name of the shop, but you’ll find it. It’s near the police station. By the way, you know about the town guide? It’s a thin book and has all kinds of useful information. You’ll find one in any bookstore. W: Thanks a lot! You’ve been so helpful. Let’s see. Did you say there pair shop was three blocks away from here? M: Exactly. W: Thanks again. Text 7 M: I’ve been here many times. There are quite a lot of delicious dishes to choose from. What are you thinking of ordering? W: Well, I haven’t decided yet. What are you going to order? M: I think I’ll have the roast chicken. They really make it well here. W: I had roast chicken yesterday when I ate out with Shelly. M: Their beef steak is good, too. You can have it served with beans and mushrooms. W: But I’m not that hungry. Is the fried fish or the seafood salad good? M: Never had them before. Maybe if you get the steak, we could share. W: That sounds like a good idea. Text 8 W: Hello, Mr. White. Do you think it’s possible for us to talk sometime today? 第 1 页 共11 页 M: I’d love to, Miss Wilson, but I’ve got a pretty tight schedule today. I’ve got to finish reading the yearly financial report by 10. Then I have to drive to the airport to pick up an advertiser at 11. After that, I’ll have a meeting with him over lunch. W: Can I see you after lunch? M: Well, let me see… after lunch, I have to attend a senior staff meeting, which may last about two hours. Can you come at 3? We can talk for an hour before I meet my sales team at 4. W: I’m afraid an hour is too short. What about tomorrow morning? M: 9 to 11, then. I’ll wait for you at the office. W: OK, see you then. Text 9 W: Hey, Bill. I hear they’re going to send you to Germany for the new project. M: Boy, news travels fast around here! I only got the orders a couple of hours ago. Rachel doesn’t even know… W: Oh, no? So, what are you waiting for? When do you plan to tell her? M: Well, she is at work at the moment. She doesn’t finish until 5. I’ll have to wait until tonight now, I suppose. W: Well, I was posted there before, back in 2008. It’s OK — a bit like England, really. At least the weather is similar, and the people aren’t much different. Theonly thing I didn’t like is the food, especially the sausages. What do you intend to do about the family? Are you going to take them with you? M: Well, I’d like to, but I don’t know much about the situation at the moment… you know, about schools and all that. But I hope to move the family out there in a couple of months’ time. I don’t think I want to spend a year and a half out there on my own…I mean, without Rachel and the kids. I mean, I don’t see that much of them now as it is. W: Yeah. Well, that’s the way it is normally in our company, I suppose. M: Yeah. Well, we’ll see. Let me pay for the coffee. W: No, no. I’ll pay. Text 10 W: Hello, everyone. Welcome to our program. I’m Jenny Jackson. The weather here in Juárez has become unbearable. With no rains for over a year, the city is suffering from unusually hot weather. Some light showers have been forecast since last month, but all of them have been effective in surrounding areas. Summer has not even started yet, but temperatures have reached 40 degrees centigrade in the past three days. And people have been warned not to go out of their homes — not if you walkon foot, at least — between 11 in the morning and 7 in the evening. Little kids and the elderly are the ones who have suffered the most from this extreme heat wave. They must drink water all the time. To help our audience have a better understanding of this extreme weather, we have invited Prof. Torres from University of Mexico to our studio this evening. 【答案 】1-5 CACBA6-10 CABCB11-15 BCABA16-20 BCACA 21-25 ABDCB26-30 CACDA31-35 CDBAB 36-40 DDACB41-45 ADCBD46-50 AACBC51-55 ADBBC 56-60 CBBAC61-64 ACBD65-70 ACADDB 二、单项填空 21.【答案】A 【解析】考察非谓语动词。句意为：很多已经扬名数百年的中国品牌，正在面对现代市场的新 挑战。非谓语动词逻辑主语是 Many Chinese brands，很多中国品牌已经扬名数百年，由 over centuries 可知应该用完成时，所以选 A。 第 2 页 共11 页 22.【答案】B 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意为：要不是老师们的支持，这个学生是无法克服她遇到的困难 的。虚拟语气中 be 动词常用 were，故选 B。 23.【答案】D 【解析】考察连词。句意为：位于丝绸之路上的江苏，将为一带一路建设做出更大的贡献。 Located，“位于”，后跟地点状语从句，故而选 D。 24.【答案】C 【解析】考查了主谓一致和时态。句意为：《远大前程》的出版获得了广泛认可和高度赞扬， 巩固了狄更斯作为著名小说家的地位。《远大前程》是一本书，故而视为单数。结合 strengthened 可知说的是过去的事实，所以用过去时，故而选 C。 25.【答案】B 【解析】考察短语辨析。句意为：与非洲医疗队一起工作展示了她作为一名医生最好的一面。 hold out，坚持，伸出，主张，提供； pick out，挑选出；give out，分发，公布，用尽；bring out，出版，使显示，说出；bring out the best，显示出最好的一面。 26.【答案】C 考察主语从句。句意为：我们选择这家宾馆是因为它住一晚的价格下降到了 20 美元，比之前的价格要便宜一半。 27.【答案】A 【解析】考察谓语动词。句意为：他匆匆忙忙往家赶，一次也没有回头看是否有人跟踪。根据 句意可知是被动，由 hurry 的时态可知是过去时，故而选 A。 28.【答案】C 【解析】考察定语从句关系词。句意为：联合国建立世界粮食计划署，其中一个目的就是为了 缓解世界范围内饥饿问题。考察定语从句关系词 whose，意为所属关系。故而选 C。 29.【答案】D 【解析】考察形容词词义辨析。controversial 有争议的；contradictory 矛盾的，相反的； confidential 机密的，表示信任的；conventional 传统的，惯例的。句意为：在乔布斯死后短短 五年，智能手机在销售额上就超过了传统的个人电脑。 30.【答案】A 【解析】考察动词意义辨析。shape 形成，成形；switch 转换；stretch 伸开，伸展；sharpen 使 锋利，使改进，使更清晰。句意为：在年终，对一年的成功与失败之处做一个快速的回顾有利 于接下来一年的改进。故而答案选 A。 31.【答案】C 【解析】考察谓语动词的时态。句子没有直接显示的时间状语，参考动词时态 has been informed 和句意：他已经被告知，由于他的学术背景，他没资格获得奖学金。可知此处应为一 般现在时。故而选 C。 32.【答案】D 【解析】考察介词短语。in contrast to 相比，对比；in defense of 保卫，为……辩护；in face of 面临，面对；in relation to 与……有关，涉及。句意为：在涉及到我们周围的事物时，做好自 我定位依然是我们基本的生存技能。 33.【答案】B 【解析】考察语境俚语。as clear as day 一清二楚；off the top of my head 不假思索，闪念； under my nose 在我眼皮底下（却没有发现）；beyond my wildest dreams 出乎预料。根据语境， “没什么意思，不过是一时兴起而已”。故而选 B。 34.【答案】A 第 3 页 共11 页 【解析】考察形容词词义辨析。alternative 可供替代的，可供选择的；aggressive 好斗的，进取 的；ambiguous 模棱两可的；apparent 明显的。句意为：恐龙消失的原因不一定是天灾事件， 但是也很难找到其他的解释。故而选 A。 35.【答案】B 【解析】考察情景交际。You there. 你在这儿啊（打招呼）；You bet. 没错，当然；You got me. 你难住我了；You know better.你知道的更多或你明知道不该做。由语境可知，答案选 B。 三、完形填空 36.【答案】D 【解析】文章首句交代作者不详上音乐课。怜悯的看着……可知此处用 struggle 最符合语境。 travel 旅行；march 行军，前进；pace 来回踱步，走来走去；struggle 艰难前进，吃力进行。 37.【答案】D 【解析】本题和 36 同属一句。句意为在音乐练习时间来到学校。rise up 升起；come up 发生， 被提出； drive up 抬高，开车到来；turn up 出现，到来。故而选 D。 38.【答案】A 【解析】本题中 anyone else 为解题关键。句意为学音乐的学生要比其他学生早到学校。故而选 A。 39.【答案】C 【解析】句意为他发誓？音乐，因为他讨厌早到校。betray 背叛；accept 接受；avoid 避免，避 开；appreciate 欣赏，感激。可知 avoid 为符合语境。故而选 C。 40.【答案】B 【解析】本题需要结合整段意义，作者从讨厌音乐到开始喜欢上音乐。语义应该是转折，故而 答案选 B，however 然而。therefore 因此； thus 所以；moreover 另外，这三者表示递进。 41.【答案】A 【解析】句意为音乐课是学校标准课程的一部分。part 部分；nature 自然，本质；basis 基 础 ； spirit 精神，情绪，灵魂。故而选 A。 42.【答案】D 【解析】complicate 复杂的；safe 安全的；confusing 困惑的；easy 容易的。故而选 D。 43.【答案】C 【解析】参照上一题，作者发现自己也很喜欢这种感觉。miss 想念，错过；dislike 不喜欢； enjoy 喜欢，享受；deny 否认。故而选 C。 44.【答案】B 【解析】本题句意为他试着在音乐老师面前隐藏自己的喜悦之情。transparent 透明的，显而易 见的（特指谎言、借口等）；obvious 明显的，显然的；false 错误的，假的；similar 类似的， 相似的。故而选 B。 45.【答案】D 【解析】句意为作者的老师走过来听他演奏。run 跑；jog 慢跑；jump 跳；wander 漫步。 wander 最符合语境。故而选 D。 46.【答案】A 【解析】本句讲到他可能在钢琴弹奏上没有做的特别好，因为音乐老师认为作者有着很好的辨 音能力（ear）并建议他去选一款适合他的乐器。所以选 A。 47.【答案】A 【解析】根据句意，音乐老师认为作者有着很好的辨音能力。ear 灵敏的听力，辨音力；taste 品味，鉴赏力；heart 心脏，内心；voice 嗓音，呼声。故而选 A。 第 4 页 共11 页 48.【答案】C 【解析】句意为……去看看是否有乐器可以吸引他。occur to 发生，想起；take to 喜欢，习惯 于；appeal to 吸引；hold to 紧握，坚持。故而选 C。 49.【答案】B 【解析】根据句意可知，作者准备试一试大提琴。change 改变；chance 机会；mission 任务； function 功能，作用。故而选 B。 50.【答案】A 【解析】上句提到作者准备试一试大提琴，可知开始没有接触过大提琴；在结合后面的 but 可 知 casually 偶然的，未加考虑的最符合语境。seriously 认真的，严肃的；proudly 骄傲的； natrually 自然地。故而选 C。 51.【答案】A 【解析】本题考查固定搭配。be committed to doing 致力于，献身于，符合语境。be used to doing 习惯于；be limited to doing 被限制于；be admitted to 被录取，允许进入。故而选 A。 52.【答案】D 【解析】句意为：意味着作者要去做那些他以前发誓也不会做的事情。mean 打算，意味着； 故而选 D。 54.【答案】B 【解析】本题对应首段第 36 题。作者将拖着沉重的乐器箱穿梭于校园。push 推，移动；drag 使劲而吃力的拖、拉、拽；lift 举起，升起；rush 冲。故而选 B。 54.【答案】B 【解析】由第一段 pityingly 可知此处 pitying 最符合语境。所以选 B。 55.【答案】 【解析】作者开始满怀怜悯的看着那些音乐生，现在其他学生也这样看着他，而作者已经不予 理会。leave out 遗漏，忽略。所以选 C。 四、阅读理解 56.【答案】C 【解析】由第四段第五行“this book also gives ab account…”可知 CHRONOLOGICA 是本书； 文章副标题——The Unbelievable Years that Defined History、第四段第一句 CHRONOLOGICA is an informative and entertaining tour into history、第五段第一行 This complete but brief historical collection is certain…都可以看出这本书与历史有关。故而选 C。 57.【答案】B 【解析】第一段通过问题和三个历史事件引出这本书；第二段介绍这本书涉及的内容；第三段 写的是通过这本书可以了解到的历史问题；第四段写的是这本书介绍了一些历史人物和事件； 第五段介绍了这本书的受众。故而选 B。 【参考译文】 年代 ——令人难以置信的定义了历史的年份 你知道吗？…… ∷纸在公元 105 年发明于中国？ ∷何时哥伦布发现了新世界？ ∷大英博物馆在 1759 年开放？ 《年代》是一个穿越时空的奇妙的旅程，从罗马的基础上创造了全球互联。一路上都是国 王和王后的故事，热气球……和在宇宙中的猴子。 第 5 页 共11 页 穿越了世界历史上最难以置信的 100 年，学习为什么成为罗马皇帝并不总是听起来那么 好，为何百年战争实际上并没有持续 100 年，为什么斯宾塞·珀西瓦尔保持了一个不幸的记 录。 《年代》是一个具有知识性和娱乐性的旅游历史，带有精美的插图，充满了令人难以置信 的事实。《年代》在讲述历史名人如托马斯·爱迪生和亚历山大大帝的故事的同时，这本书也 描绘了鲜为人知的个人生活，包括探险家蒙哥·帕克和雕塑家格曾·鲍格勒姆。 这个完整但简短的历史收藏品一定会让年轻读者和老年读者满意，并保证给历史爱好者呈现新 鲜的东西！ 58.【答案】B 【解析】词义猜测题。准确理解上下文，利用 but 来猜测词义。由前面胎儿出生前就可以辨别 声音结合 but 可知随后说在胎教方面鸟儿做的更好或者最好。故而选 B。 59.【答案】A 【解析】细节理解题。由第二段第三行对 Female Australian superb fairy wrens were found…和第 三段第二行 the red-backed fairy wren…进行记录，而非整个澳大利亚，排除 B；由文章第三段 第二三行 First they collected sound dated from 67 nests in four sites in Queensland…并未提到当地 人，信息不准确，故排除 C；D 项中并未提到其他鸟类，排除。基于文章意思，所有发现都是 基于最后一段母鸡和雌鸡的相似性而进行的。所以选 A。 60.【答案】C 【解析】推理判断题。文章倒数第二段最后一句提到“……单独的实验表明模仿母鸟的声音最 接近的雌鸟会得到更多的食物。”和最后一段最后一句“作为父母，你是想要质量优良的孩子 还是想要需要帮助的孩子，我们的结果表明它们想要质量优良的孩子”，由此推断母鸟通过胎 教来确定最会模仿它们声音质量优良的雏鸟无需过多帮助就能更好的适应环境。所以答案选 C。 【参考译文】 在出生之前，婴儿可以辨别声音和声音之间的差异，他们甚至可以从陌生女性 中分辨出自己妈妈的声音。但当涉及到胎教时，鸟类能首屈一指。《海雀：鸟类学研究进展》 近日报道，一些鸟妈妈会教它们的孩子唱歌，甚至在它们孵化之前。比如新出生的小鸡就可以 在进入世界的几天内模仿它们妈妈的话语。 这种教育方法是在 2012 年被南澳大利亚佛林德斯大学的生物学家索尼亚·克雷恩多佛和她 的同事们首次发现的。雌性澳大利亚壮丽细尾鹩莺被发现在孵蛋时一遍又一遍地重复一个声 音。当蛋孵化，小鸟发出类似他们的母亲的啁啾声，作为它们定期的“喂我！”叫声。 为了发现这种特殊能力在鸟类中很普遍，研究人员找到了另一种澳大利亚鸣禽，红背细尾 鹩莺。首先，他们收集了来自昆士兰州四个地点的 67 个巢穴在孵化前后的声音，然后他们通 过分析指令和大量笔记识别求食的声音。计算机大量地分析比较母亲和小鸟的声音，并按相似 性排序。 结果是红背鹩莺幼崽的鸣叫也出现像它们的妈妈的现象。母亲对蛋鸣叫的频率越高，幼崽 的乞食声就越相似。此外，研究小组还做了一个额外的实验，实验结果表明，最能模仿母亲声 音的小鸟会得到最多的食物。 这一观察结果显示，有效的胎教会让孩子对父母发出优势神经信号。由此可以得出一个进化推 论：“作为一个家长，你会投资优质的孩子，还是投资那些需要帮助的孩子？”克雷恩多佛 问，“我们的研究结果表明，他们可能会追求质量。” 61.【答案】A 【解析】细节理解题。根据关键词定位到第二段第一句，Such situations have led to calls for the tech giants to be broken up. But size alone is not a crime…由 such 找到第一段第一句，urging 第 6 页 共11 页 antitrust regulators to step in to check those…可知因为这些巨头控制了数据市场，人们才呼吁解 散那些巨头。故而选 A。 62.【答案】C 【解析】推理判断题。根据关键词定位到第三段最后两句，Internet companies’ control of data gives them enormous power. So they have a “God’s eye view” of activities in their own markets and beyond.可知网络公司对于数据的控制给了他们巨大的权利，它们甚至可以用上帝的眼光来看 待它们的市场活动，这进一步加强了那些巨头的地位。所以选 C。 63.【答案】B 【解析】推理判断题。根据关键词定位到第五段前三句，The first is that antitrust authorities need to move from the industrial age into the 21st century. When considering a merger(兼并), for example, they have traditionally used size to determine when to step in. They now need to take into account the extent of firms’ data assets(资产) when assessing the impact of deals. 可知反垄断组织以 前一直是根据公司的规模来决定是否介入，而现在需要考虑那些公司的数据库的范围，所以答 案选 B。 64.【答案】D 【解析】推理判断题。根据关键词定位到第六段可知，大公司要披露给消费者它们掌握了多少 信息，政府也要根据消费者的满意度来决定。所以答案选 D。 【参考译文】 一种新的商品会带来一个高利润、快速增长的行业，并敦促反垄断监管机构介 入检查那些控制商品流向的企业。一个世纪前，资源问题是石油。现在，同样的担忧被称为数 字化时代的石油的交易数据的巨头提出。最有价值的公司有谷歌、亚马逊、脸谱网、微软，看 起来全都无法阻挡。 这种情况导致了对科技巨头垮台的诉求，但规模本身不是罪。巨头的成功得益于消费者， 几乎没有人想离开搜索引擎或快速交货而生活。相对于收取消费者更高的价格，这些服务都是 免费的（在效果上，用户通过移交更多的数据付费）。并且新生巨头的出现表明新人也可以掀 起波澜。 但这也有引起关注的原因。互联网使数据丰富多彩、更有价值，改变了数据和竞争的本 质。谷歌最初收集用户数据是为了有更好的目标广告。但最近它发现数据可以转换成新的出售 给其他公司的服务：翻译和视觉识别。互联网公司的数据控制给了他们巨大的权力，所以他们 在国内外市场有“上帝视角”的程序。 数据的这种性质使过去的反垄断措施少有用处。把像谷歌这样的公司分成五个小公司，他 们也不会停止自我改造：随着时间的推移，他们中的一个会再次变得强大起来。反思是必要 的，随着一种新的方法开始表面化，两种观点脱颖而出。 首先，反垄断当局需要从工业时代适应到二十一世纪。例如，当考虑到公司兼并时，他们 传统上会根据其规模来决定何时介入。现在，在评估交易的影响时，他们需要考虑到公司数据 资产的程度。购买价格也可能是公司购买新生威胁的信号。当这发生时，特别是当一个新生的 公司没有任何收入可言时，监管者应提高警惕。 第二个原则是放松在线服务提供者对数据的控制，并向提供它们的人给予更多的控制。公 司可能被迫向消费者提供他们持有的信息和他们所赚的钱。政府可以在用户同意的情况下，命 令共享某些类型的数据。 重新启动反垄断信息时代是不容易的。但如果政府不希望由几个巨头控制经济数据，他们必须 尽快采取行动。 65.【答案】A 第 7 页 共11 页 【解析】推理判断题。提问第二段划线句暗示了什么。One size fits for all 意为通用的，以不变 应万变的。整句话再说没有通用的适用方法。第二段总述“气候变化是一个过程，适应性方法 也在不断地调整。”划线句后一句由 nevertheless 开头，后面这句话一定有关键信息，此句说 明我们可以选择其他风险低和耗费低的方法。那么划线句就是说划线句 adaptation 的方法很 多。故而选 A。 66.【答案】C 【解析】细节理解题。根据关键词定位到第三段第二行，Mohammed Rezwan saw opportunity where others saw only disaster. 以及他之后采取的用船充当基础设施的举措可看出，充分利用了 当前条件。所以选 C。 67.【答案】A 【解析】细节理解题。根据关键词定位到第四段第二行，The loss of glaciers(冰川) there due to global warming 以及第四行 Norphel’s inspiration come from seeing the waste of water over winter, when it was not needed. He directed the wasted water into shallow basins where it froze, and was stored until the spring. 这句话讲到他的方式是将冰川融化浪费的水储存起来，等到需要的时候 再使用。所以答案选 A。 68.【答案】D 【解析】推理判断题。根据第五段最后一句， By painting buildings white, cities may slow down the warming process.以及第六段的 painting the entire mountain peak white in the hope that …可知通 过将墙涂成白色，利用光的反射原理可以缓解全球气候变暖并且 Peru 的措施验证了这一点。 所以答案选 D。 69.【答案】D 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段第七句，When the polluting industries argue that we’ve lost the battle to control carbon pollution and have no choice but to adapt, it’s a nonsense designed to make the case for business as usual.可知目前你一些污染企业说它们已经失去了对谈污染的控 制，但作者认为这个说辞是胡说，一派胡言。故可直接选择与失去控制相反的 D 项，即与污 染积极斗争。故而答案选 D。 70.【答案】B 【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段倒数第二行中，the most sensible form of adaptation is surely to adapt our energy systems to emit less carbon pollution.可知作者认为最合理的应对全球变 暖的方法还是改变我们的能源系统来减少二氧化碳的排放，从根源上缓解气后变暖。故而选择 B 项。 【参考译文】 老问题，新方法 虽然清洁能源在我们的日常生活中使用地越来越多，但全球变暖在二氧化碳排放高峰后仍 将持续数十年。所以即使在温室气体的排放量开始减少的今天，我们仍然面临着适应气候的挑 战。这里我要强调一些更聪明、更富有创造性的适应气候变化的例子。 说到适应，了解气候变化的过程就很重要了。因此我们谈论的不是适应新的标准，而是一 套不断变化的条件。这就是为什么至少在某种程度上，美国国家气候评估说：“没有一个尺寸 适合所有事物。”然而，有一些措施提供了很多，并且几乎没有风险或成本。 在世界各地，人们正在以惊人的方式进行适应，特别是在一些贫困国家。在孟加拉，洪水 在最近几十年里变得更具破坏性。穆罕默德·李强看到了机会，而其他人只看到了灾难。他的 非营利组织经营着 100艘河舟，它们可以用作流动的图书馆、学校和卫生诊所，并配有太阳能 电池板和其他通讯设施。李强正在创建浮动连接代替淹没的道路和高速公路，但他依然在基层 工作：他的工作人员向人们展示如何在雨季里建造漂浮的花园和鱼塘以防止饥饿。 第 8 页 共11 页 在亚洲的其他地方，令人惊讶的行为正在发生。查翁·诺菲尔生活在印度山区，在那里他 被称为冰人。由于全球变暖，冰川的损失是农业的一个巨大的威胁。没有冰川，水到河流中的 时候，它会破坏农作物。诺菲尔的灵感来自于在冬天看到当不需要时水的浪费。他引导的浪费 水流入浅的盆地，让它冻结，并储存到春天。他大片的冰供应了定期的灌溉水。有了九个这样 的冰储地，诺菲尔计算，他已经储存了约 20 万立方米的水。气候变化是一个持续的过程，所 以诺菲尔的冰储量也不是永久的，气候变暖会超过他的冰。但他提供冰的几年期间，农民也许 能找到其他适应的方式。 增加地球的反射可以冷却地球。在西班牙南部，温室的突然增加（将光线反射回太空）改 变了当地的气候变暖趋势，并真正使该地区降温。当西班牙整体迅速升温时，温室附近的温度 却会下降。这个例子应该作为各个城市的一个灵感，通过将建筑物涂成白色，城市可能将减缓 气候变暖的过程。 在秘鲁，已经沦为气候变化受害者的当地农民在山的冰川附近已经开始把整个山峰画成白 色的，希望增加的反射将恢复给人生命的冰。结果虽远未明朗，但世界银行已将其列入“100 个拯救地球的想法”项目。 更一般形式的适应发生无处不在。我的一个朋友在西维多利亚拥有一片土地。经历了五代 人后，土地对于庄稼来说太潮湿。但在过去降雨量下降的十年期间，使他可以种植高利润的作 物。许多国家的农民也通过种植新农产品或通过不同的方式种植同样的东西来适应这种情况。 这是常识，但某些为了适应的建议却不这样。污染行业争辩说，我们已经输掉控制碳污染的斗 争，别无选择，只能适应，这是一个使企业照常营业的荒谬的设计。 人类以普通又惊人的方式不断适应变化的气候。但适应最明智的形式无疑是使我们能源系 统排放更少的碳污染。毕竟，如果我们在适应的路上，我们就可以避免改变很多的需求。 五、任务型阅读 71.【答案】lower 【解析】概括题。提问 21 century 定位到第一段最后一句 But while increasing health was a typical feature of the 20th century, declining birth rate could be a defining one of the 21st.表明 21 世 纪出生率比 20 世纪低很多。用 low 修饰 rate 的低，much 后加比较级。故而用 lower。 72.【答案】size/scale 【解析】概括题。发达国家很难保持人口的规模。所以填 size/scale。 73.【答案】immediate 【解析】概括题。根据第二段“which might cause catastrophic global shortages of work force within a few decades”中的“within a few decades”可知，出生率的下降对发展中国家和全球的 消极影响还没有发生，由此联想到“影响不是立即产生的”。 74.【答案】economy 【解析】原词。全文按照各个国家的人口与和经济压力展开。所以填 economy。 75.【答案】old/older 【解析】概括题。本体锁定在第三段，描述的中国的情况。缺词句中的 its 指代中国的。根据 “A great decline in young work force is likely to occur in China…”得知中国的年轻工人变得更老 了。故而填 old/older。 76.【答案】earlier 【解析】概括题。根据关键词定位到 Indeed official figures suggest the country has shrunk by 5% since 1993 and people in Russia live a shorter life now than those in 1961.可知俄国人死亡人数很 多，因为不好的饮食习惯所以去世较早，导致了人口缩水。所以填 earlier。 77.【答案】living/life 第 9 页 共11 页 【解析】概括题。本体延续上一题的定位位置找到 Why is this occurring? Nobody is quite sure, but poor diet an above all long-time alcoholism have much to do with it.得知俄罗斯人的饮食习惯不 良且酗酒导致寿命不长。所以俄罗斯经济想要好起来，必须改变人们的生活方式 way of living。所以填 living。 78.【答案】equality 【解析】概括题。本体描述了印度的人口情况以及这种情况形成的原因。根据原文 in the south, where most economic development is taking place, birth rate is falling rapidly. In a further twist, birth rate is highest in poorly educated rural areas an lowest in highly educated urban areas.得知印度南北 教育程度不同导致人口情况不同，所以印度经济想要腾飞，需要南北公平的教育机会或者大多 数人都能获得机会。所以填 equality。 79.【答案】immigration 【解析】原词。根据关键词 US 定位到原文最后一段 One solution is obviously to import foreign workers via immigration.可知美国人口会因为移民而增长。所以填 immigration。 80.【答案】compensate 【解析】概括题。由文章最后一段 As a result it’s likely to see a rise in the size of its working-age population and to witness strong economic growth over the longer term. 可知，美国的移民政策将会 使劳动力有所增加。接纳移民可以弥补劳动力的短缺。可知应该填入 compensate。 【参考译文】 人口变动 为什么世界人口在增长？答案也许不是你所想的那样。人口爆炸的原因并不是人们像兔子 一样繁殖，而是人们停止了像苍蝇一样死去。1900 年，人们平均 30 岁去世，而 2000 年平均年 龄为 65 岁。如果说二十世纪的一个典型特征是健康程度的增加，那么出生率下降将是 21 世纪 的显著特征。 统计数据表明，每个妇女的平均生育数已从 20 世纪 60 年代初期的 4.9 下降到如今的 2.5。 此外，约 50%的世界人口居住在目前低于更替水平的地区（即每名妇女生育 2.1 个），几乎所 有发达国家都经历了低出生率。你可能会认为，发展中国家将弥补损失（尤其因为世界上 80% 的人现在生活在这样的国家）。那你就错了，出生率的下降在许多发展中地区也是一个主要问 题，这可能会导致在未来几十年的灾难性全球劳动力短缺。 举个例子，年轻的劳动力大大下降是有可能发生在中国的。这意味着什么？首先，中国需 要在人口下降来临前经历经济的快速发展。第二，如果有其他因素，如技术保持不变，那么经 济增长和物质预期将大大低于最近的标准，这可能会招致麻烦。 俄罗斯具有可以打破它经济目标的人口问题。自 1992 年以来，死亡人数一直大于出生人 数的百分之 50 多。事实上，官方数据显示，该国自 1993 以来人口已经萎缩了 5%，俄罗斯人 的寿命也比 1961 年的短。为什么会出现这种情况呢？没人敢肯定，但不良的饮食和长期的酗 酒都与这有关。如果照着目前的趋势，到 2050 年俄罗斯的人口大约相当于也门的规模。 在印度北部，由于出生率高，人口正在迅速增长，但在南方大多数经济正在发展的地方， 出生率正在迅速下降。更让人想不到的是，出生率最高的是受教育程度低的农村地区，而在高 学历城市地区出生率最低。总的来说，印度 25%的劳动人口没有受过教育。到 2030 年，全国 有六分之一的潜在劳动力完全没接受教育。 解决办法之一显然是通过移民输入外国工人。至于美国，它几乎是唯一的能在 2010 年至 2030 年间，人口增长 20%的发达国家。此外，美国已经成功地接受移民登记。因此，它很可 能会见证劳动人口的增长，并目睹长期的强劲的经济增长。 六、书面表达 81.【参考范文】Possible version one: 第 10 页 共11 页 The box-office income of Chinese movies witnessed a constant increase from about 17 billion yuan in 2012 to over 40 billion in 2015. However, that increase slowed down in 2016. The reasons behind this are various. The fast economic development before 2016 was probably the most powerful engine driving the constant growth in the box-office income. The application of new technologies and the wide appeal of movie stars could also account for the increase. However, China saw a decline in its economic growth rate last year. And the internet increased options for movie lovers. Consequently, some viewers began to turn away from cinemas, leading to a slower growth. China‘s economy is expected to grow at a medium speed in the coming years, so an increase is possible in the investment in the movie industry and the number of quality movies. Therefore, its box- office income will probably enjoy a slight increase. (150 words) Possible version two: As is indicated in the graph, the box-office income of Chinese films increased constantly from 2012 to 2015, but its growth, for one reason or another, slowed down in 2016. The increase in the box-office income can be attributed to a number of factors. The quality of life has improved and watching films is regarded as a good means of entertainment. Besides, filming technology has advanced and more quality films are on offer. Moreover, the Internet plays an important part. On the internet people can seek information about their favourite stars and buy tickets at a discount as well, which is both time-saving and economical. However, the film market may witness a slowdown in the near future. Cinemas have gradually given way to the rise of the internet and cellphones, and the ticket price is on the increase. Therefore, the film industry should make greater efforts to attract more viewers. (150 words) 第 11 页 共11 页