2012年上海高考英语真题试卷（word解析版）下载

绝密★启用前 2012 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷） 英语试卷 （满分 150 分，考试时间 100 分钟） 考生注意： 1. 考试时间 120 分钟, 试卷满分 150 分。 2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。试卷分为第 I 卷（第 1－12 页）和第 II 卷（第 13 页），全 卷共 13 页。所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律 不得分。 答题前,务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名,并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上,在答题纸 反而清楚地填写姓名。 第 1 卷 （共 105 分） I . Listening Comprehension Section A Directions：In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said.The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. At a library. B. At a hotel. B. Annoyed. C. At a bank. C. Worried. D. At an airport. D. Satisfied 2. A. Relaxed. 3. A. Doctor and patient. C. Secretary and boss. B. Shop owner and customer. D. Receptionist and guest. 4. A. He would have thrown $300 around. C. Sandy shouldn’t have given that much. B. $300 is not enough for the concert. D. Dave must be mad with the money 5. A. She lives close to the man. C. She will turn to her manager. B. She changes her mind at last. D. She declines the man’s offer. 6．A.2 B.3． C.4．D．5 7. A. Both of them drink too much coffee. B. The woman doesn’t Like coffee at all. C. They help each other stop drinking coffee. D. The man is uninterested in the woman’s story 8. A.He doesn’t. mind helping the woman. B. He hesitates whether to help or not. C. He’ll help if the woman doesn’t mind D. He can’t help move the cupboard. 9. A.He’s planning to find a new job. 第 – 1 -页 共 30 页 B. He prefers to keep his house in a mess. C. He’s too busy to clean his house D. He has already cleaned his new house, 10. A. She doesn’t agree with the man. B. She is good at fmding a place to stay. C. She could hardly find the truth. D. She had no travel expei/ence in Britain. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage 11. A. Use the company’s equipment.B. Give orders to robots C. Make decisions for the company.D. Act as Big Brother. 12. A. Employees gain full freedom. C. Employees’ children are happy. B. Employees suspect one another. D. Employees enjoy working there. 13. A. Reward. B. Safety. C. Trust.D. Honesty Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage 14. A. Canada had a smaller population. C. They wanted to continue the Revolution. 15. A. They standardized Canadian English. B. They settled there after the Revolution. C. They enjoy a very high social position. D. They make up a small part of the population B. Land was cheaper in Canada. D. They were against Britain. 16. A. It is considered unique to some extent.B. It is greatly influenced by French. C. It is mainly linked to British culture.D. It dates back to the late 17th century. Section C Directions: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard.Write your answers on your answer sheet. The conversations will be Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. Complete the form.Write ONE WORD for each answer. 第 – 2 -页 共 30 页 Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation. Complete the form.Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer. II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence. 25. passion, people won’t have the motivation or the joy necessary for creative thinking. A.For .B.Without C.BeneathD.By 26. Is honesty the best policy? We _ A. will teachB. teach that it is when we are little. C. are taught D. will be taught into the sports 27. As Jack left his membership card at home, he wasn’t allowed club. A. going 28. The new law states that people _ drive after drinking alcohol. A. wouldn’tB. needn’tC. won’t 29. Only with the greatest ofluck _to escape from the rising flood waters. B. to go C. go D. gone D. mustn’t D. she did manage A. managed she B. she managed C. did she manage 30. – I hear that Jason is planning to buy a car. -I know. By next month, he _ enough for a used one. A. will have saved B. will be saving C. has saved D. saves 31. When he took his gloves off, I noticed that one had his name written inside. A. each 32. I have a tight budget for the trip, so I’m not going to fly _ A. onceB.if C.after 33. When Peter speaks in public, he always has trouble A. thinking ofB. to think ofC. thought of 34. There is much truth in the idea _kindness is usually served by frankness. A. whyB. whichC. thatD. whether 35. Have you sent thank-you notes to the relatives from __ you received gifts? D. whom B. every C. other D. another the airlines lower ticket prices. D. unless _ the right things to say. D. think of .A. which B. them C.that 36. The club, _ _ 25 years ago, is holding a party for past and present members. 第 – 3 -页 共 30 页 A. founded B. founding C. being founded D.that D. to be founded 37. – Was it by cutting down staff __she saved the firm? – No, it was by improving work efficiency. A.when B.whatC.how 38. – We’ve only got this small bookcase. Will that do? – No, _ A. who _ I am looking for is something much bigger and stronger. B. that C. what D. which 39. “Genius” is a complicated concept, _ _ many different factors. D.beinginvolved A.involved B.involvingC.toinvolve ,40. The map is one of the best tools a man has _ A. wheneverB. whatever _ he goes to a new place. C. whereverD. however Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. maintained F. concern B. serious G crisis C. indications H. decided D. figures E. anxious J. reversed I. available Filmgoers should be told how many calories there are in the popcorn, ice cream and soft drinks that they buy in cinemas, according to the Food Standard Agency. Smaller popcorn buckets and drink cups should also be made41 ,the nutrition inspector said. Tim Smith, chief executive of the agency, told The 77mes that cinemas should help to deal with the country’s overweight 42 .”There is a misbelief that popcorn is calorie-free, but that is not the case. It is a to us,” he said. “Portion sizes are also a big issue, and there seems to be increasingly big packs on sale.” 43 He spoke as a number of food chains such as Pret A Manger, Wimpey and The Real Greek 44 to put calorie counts on all their menus. A trial scheme（试行方案） with 21 food companies took place last summer, and consumers altered their buying habits when they realised the number of calories in a product. A consultation(征询意见) on the trial ends next month but Mr Smith is already planning the 45 are that second drive for American-style calorie counts and is 46 to win support from cinemas and other entertainment places, from football grounds to concert halls. Government 47 suggestthat two thirds of adults and a third of children are overweight. , this could rise to almost nine in ten adults and two thirds of children by 49 riskof heart disease, cancer and other diseases. If trends are not 48 2050, putting them at III. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fillin each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. People on a college campus were more likely to give money to the March of Dimes if they were asked for a donation by a disabled woman in a wheelchair than if asked by a nondisabled 第 – 4 -页 共 30 页 woman. In another 脚） and fall to the floor. Sometimes the victim had a large red birthmark on his51 sometimes he did not. In this situation, the victim was more likely t052 aidif his face was spotless than if he had an unattractive birthmark. In53 theseand other research findings,two themes are54 :we are more willing to help people we like for some reason 50 , subway riders in New York saw a man carrying a stick stumble（绊 ;and people we think _ 55_ assistance. In some situations, those who are physically attractive are more likely to receive aid.56 ,in a field study researchers placed a completed application to graduate school in a telephone box at the airport. The application was ready to be57 ,but had apparently been “lost” . The photo attached to the application was sometimes that of a very58 personand sometimes that of a less attractive person. The measure of helping was whether the individual who found the envelope actually mailed it or not. Results showed that people were more likely to 59 application if the person in the photo was physically attractive. the The degree of _60 between the potential helper and the person in need is also important. For example, people are more likely to help a stranger who is from the same country rather than a foreigner. In one study, shoppers on a busy street in Scotland were more likely to help a person wearing a(n) words. 61 T-shirt than a person wearing a T-shirt printed with offensive Whether a person receives help depends in part on the “worth” of the case. For example,shoppers in a supermarket were more likely to give someone .62 _ to buy milk rather than to buy cookies, probably because milk is thought more essential for63 than cookies.Passengers on a New York subway were more likely to help a man who fell to the ground if he appeared to be 50. A.study 64 rather than drunk. C.word B.way D.college D. back 51. A.hand 52. A.refuse B. arm B.beg C. face C.lose D.receive 53. A.challenging B. recording B. possible B.deserve C.obtain B. Above all B.mailed B. good-looking C. understanding D. publishing 54. A.important C. amusing D. missing 55. A.seek D.accept D.signed 56. A.At first 57. A.printed C. In addition D. For example C.rewritten 58. A.talented 59. A.send in 60. A.similarity 61. A.expensive 62. A.time C. helpful C. fill out D. hard-working D. turn down D. contact B. throw away B. friendship C. cooperation D.strange B.plain B.instructions C.cheap C.money D.chances D. health D. sick 63. A.shoppers B.research C. children C. calm 64. A.talkative B. handsome Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. 第 – 5 -页 共 30 页 (A) Phil White has just returned from an 18,OOO-mile, around-the-world bicycle trip. White had two reasons for making this epic journey. First of all, he wanted to use the trip to raise money for charity, which he did. He raised ~70,000 for the British charity, Oxfam. White’s second reason for making the trip was to break the world record and become the fastest person to cycle around the world. He is still waiting to find out if he has broken the record or not. White set off from Trafalgar Square, in London, on 19th June 2004 and was back 299 days later. He spent more than l,300 hours in the saddle（车座） and destroyed four sets of tyres and three bike chains. He had the adventure of his life crossing Europe, the Middle East, India, Asia, Australia, New Zealand and the Americas. Amazingly, he did all of this with absolutely no support team. No jeep carrying food, water and medicine. No doctor. Nothing! Just a bike and a very, very long road. The journey was lonely and desperate at times. He also had to fight his way across deserts, through jungles and over mountains. He cycled through heavy rains and temperatures of up t0 45 degrees, all to help people in need. There were other dangers along the road. In Iran, he was chased by armed robbers and was lucky to escape with his life and the little money he had. The worst thing that happened to him was having to cycle into a headwind on a road that crosses the south of Australia. For l,000 kilometres he battled against the wind that was constantly pushing him. This part of the trip was slow, hard work and depressing, but he made it in the end. Now Mr.White is back and intends to write a book about his adventures. 65. When Phil White returned from his trip, he _. A. broke the world record C. destroyed several bikes B. collected money for Oxfam D. travelled about l,300 hours 66. What does the word “epic” in Paragraph l most probably mean? A. Very slow but exciting. B. Very long and difficult. C. Very smooth but tiring. D. Very lonely and depressing. .67. During his journey around the world, Phil White _ A. fought heroically against robbers in Iran B. experienced the extremes of heat and cold C. managed to ride against the wind in Australia D. had a team of people who travelled with him 68. Which of the following words can best describe Phil White? A. Imaginative. B. Patriotic. C. Modest. D. Determined. (B) The value-packed, all-inclusive sight-seeing package that combines the best of Sydney’s harbour, city, bay and beach highlights. A SydneyPass gives you unlimited and flexible travel on the Explorer Buses: the ‘red’ Sydney Explorer shows you around our exciting city sights wlrile the ‘blue’ Bondi Explorer visits Sydney Harbour bays and famous beaches. Take to the water on one of three magnificent daily harbour 第 – 6 -页 共 30 页 cru/ses(游船). You can also travel free on regular Sydney Buses,Sydney Ferries or CityRail services (limited area), so you can go to every corner of this beautiful city. Imagine browsing at Darling Harbour, sampling the famous seafood at Watsons Bay or enjoying the city lights on an evening ferry cruise. The possibilities and plans are endless with a SydneyPass. Wherever you decide to go, remember that bookings are not required on any of our services so tickets are treated on a first in, first seated basis. SydneyPasses are avai-lable for 3, 5 0r 7 days for use over a 7 calendar day period. With a 3 or 5 day pass you choose on which days out of the 7 you want to use it. All SydneyPasses include a free Airport Express inward trip before starting your 3, 5 0r 7 days, and Lhe return trip is valid (育效 的) for 2 months from the first day your ticket was used. SydneyPass Fares *A child is defined as anyone from the ages of 4 years to under ~6 ye rs. Children years travel free. under 4 **A family is defined as 2 adults and any number of children from 4 to under 16 years of age from the same family. 69. A SydneyPass doesn7t offer unlimited rides on A. the Explorer Buses B. the harbour cruises D. CityRail services C. regular Sydney Buses 70. With a SydneyPass, a traveller can A. save fares from and to the airport _. B. take the Sydney Explorer to beaches C. enjoy the famous seafood for freeD. reserve seats easily in a restaurant 71. If 5-day tickets were to be recommended to a mother who travelled with her colleague and her children, aged 3, 6 and 10, what would the lowest cost be? A. $225. C. $360. B. $300. D. $420. (C) Researchers in the psychology department at the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) have discovered a major difference in the way men and women respond to stress. This difference may explain why men are more likely to suffer from stress-related disorders. Until now, psychological research has maintained that both men and women have the same “fight-or-flight” reaction to stress. In other words, individuals eicher react with aggressive behavior, such as verbal or physical conflict (“fight”), or they react by withdrawing from thestressful situation (“flight”). However, the UCLA research team found that men and women havequite different biological and behavioral responses to stress. While men often react to stress in the 第 – 7 -页 共 30 页 fight-or-flight response, women often have another kind of reaction which could be called “tend and befriend.” That is, they often react to stressful conditions by protecting and nurturing their young (“tend”), and by looking for social contact and support from others – especially other females 《’befriend”). Scientists have long known that in the fight-or- flight reaction to stress, an important role is played by certain hormones(澈素) released by the body. The UCLA research team suggests that the female tend-or-befriend response is also based on a hormone. This hormone, called oxytocin,has been studied in the context of cFuldbirt.h, but now it is being studied for its role in the response of both men and women to stress. The principal investigator, Dr. Shelley E. Taylor,explained that “animals and people with high levels of oxytocin are calmer, more relaxed, moresocial, and less anxious.” While men also secrete【分泌） oxytocin, its effects are reduced by male hormones. In terms of everyday behavior, the UCLA study found that women are far. more likely than men to seek social contact when they are feeling stressed. They may phone relatives or friends, or ask directions if they are lost. The study also showed how fathers and mothers responded differently when they came home to their family after a stressful day at work. The typical father wanted to be left alone to enjoy some peace and quiet. For a typical mother, coping with a bad day at work meant focusing her attention on her children and their needs. The differences in responding to stress may explain the fact that women have lower frequency of stress-related disorders such as high blood pressure or aggressive behavior. The tend-and-befriend regulatory(调节的) system may protect women against stress, and this may explain why women on average live longer than men. 72. The UCLA study shows that in response to stress, men are more likely than women to .A. turn to friends for help B. solve a conflict calmly C. find an escape from reality D. seek comfort from children 73. Which of the following is true about oxytocin according to the passage? A. Men have the same level of oxytocin as women do. B. Oxytocin used to be studied in both men and women. C. Both animals and people have high levels of oxytocin. D. Oxytocin has more of an effect on women than on men. 74. What can be learned from the passage? A. Male hormones help build up the body’s resistance to stress. B. In a family a mother cares more about children than a father does. C. Biological differences lead to different behavioral responses to stress. D. The UCLA study was designed to confirm previous research findings. 75. Which of the following might be the best ti.tle of the passage? A. How men and women get over stress B. How men and women suffer from stress C. How researchers overcome stress problems D. How researchers handle stress-related disorders 第 – 8 -页 共 30 页 Section C Directions: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need. A. When a child should learn to read B. Why it is fun to teach a child reading C. What if a child has reading problems D. How you prepare a young child for reading E. What is the best way to teach a child reading F. Whether reading early promises later achievements 76.Learning to read early has become one of those indicators – in parents’ minds at least – that their child is smart. In fact, reading early has very little to do with whether a child is successful academically. Research has shown that difficulty with reading is often due not to inferior intelligence but to differences in the developmental wiring of each individual child. In some cases, there are neurological problems and developmental lags that can be overcome with proper training. 77. Traditionally, American schools teach children at age six, but many schools begin teaching informally in kindergarten and pre-kindergarten. If parents start too early to encourage reading,and a child does not immediately succeed, the parent has a hard time relaxing and letting the child go at his or her own pace. 78. Over the years, research has proved that the use of both the e&whole language” method and the “phonic” method works best for a child to master reading. While the whole language approach, which includes reading to children and getting them interested in both the activity of reading and the story they are reading, is helpful, phonics must be taught. Children must be taught that one of the squiggles they see is a “p” and another a “b”. Getting the print off the page requires a different ability than being able to understand the meaning of what is written. 79. You can start developing the skills needed in reading at a very young age without putting any pressure on children. Besides reading to them, parents can start “ear training” their child by playing thyme games. This develops the child’s ability to recognize different sounds. In reading to children, parents also can point to words as they go, teaching the child that the funny lines on the page are the words you are saying. All this should be a fun activity. 80. Once a child is in school, the learning of reading is inevitably more serious. For children who have some kind of reading difficulty, you must get a professional diagnosis. While the teacher might say the child is merely disinterested but will get over it, disinterest or poor performance in reading can stem from a number of things, some being very specific learning disabilities that can be identified and worked on. But it is very tricky for parents to deal with their own child’s learning disabilities. Section D Directions: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words. While contact between adolescents (between the ages of fifteen and nineteen) and their 第 – 9 -页 共 30 页 peers crd龄 人 ) is a universal characteristic of all cultures, the nature and the degree of such contact vary a great deal. In American contemporary society, adolescents spend much more time with their peers than with younger children or adults. This pattern of age segregation(隔离) in American society did not become usual until the beginning of the industrialized society. Changes in the workplace separated children from adults,with adults worHng and children attending school. The dramatic increase of mothers in the workplace has further contributed to the reduction in the amount of time adolescents spend with adults. School reform efforts during the nineteenth century, which resulted in age-segregated schools and grades, have reduced the amount of time adolescents spend with younger children.Finally, the changes in population are considered a factor that may have contributed to the emergence of adolescent peer culture. From 1955 t0 1975, the adolescent population increased dramatically, from 11 percent t0 20.9 percent. This increase in the number of adolescents mightbe a contributing factor to the increase in adolescent peer culture in terms of growth in size. Research supports the view that adolescents spend a great deal of time with their peers. Reed Larson and his colleagues examined adolescents’ daily activities and found that they spendmore time talking to their friends than engaging in any other activity. In a typical week, high school students will spend twice as much time with their peers as with adults. This gradual withdrawal from adults begins in early adolescence. Ln sixth grade, adults (excluding parents) account for only 25 percent of adolescent social networks. Another important characteristic ofadolescent peer culture is its increasingly autonomous (白 治 的 ) function. While childhood peer groups are conducted under the close supervision of parents, adolescent peer groups typicallymake an effort to escape adult supervision and usually succeed in doing so. (Note: Answer t.he quesnons or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN EIGHT WORDS.) 81. “This pattern of age segregation” refers to the phenomenon that adolescents segregate themselves from 82. Besides changes in the workplace, are the other two factors contributing to adolescent peer culture. 83. When do adolescents start to spend less time with adults? 84. How do adolescent peer groups differ from childhood peer groups? 第 II 卷 （共45 分） 第 – 10 -页 共 30 页 I．Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1．她五年前开始拉小提琴。(play) 2．由于天气恶劣，航班延误了好几个小时。(owing) 3．每位设计师都希望自己的作品能经受时间的考验。(stand) 4．能否抵御网络游戏的诱惑是摆在中学生面前的一道难题。(It) 5．在展览会上，公司销售经理展示了孩子们翘首以盼的新型电子玩具。(demonstrate) II．Guided Writing Directions: Write an English composition in 120 – 150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 上周一，你在一所小学观摩了小女孩 Amy 所在班级的两堂绘画课（如图所示），回家后你用英 语写了一篇日记，内容包括： ●●对两堂绘画课的具体描述； 你从中获得的启发。 第 – 11 -页 共 30 页 上海英语英语参考 第 1 卷 第一大题第 1 至第 10 小题，每题 1 分；第 11 至第 16 小题，每题 2 分；第 17 至第 24 小题， 每题 1 分。共 30 分。 1.B 2.C 3.B 4.C 5.D 6.B 7.A 8.D 9.C 10.A 11.A 12.D 13.C 14.B 15.D 16.A 17. History 18. HD3309 19. photography 20. Tuesday 21. religions22. good friends / more than friends /like a family 23. their daughter24. a simple smile 第二大题每小题 1 分。共 25 分。 25.B 26.C 27.B 28.D 29.C 30.A 31.A 32.D 33.A 34.C 35.D 36.A 37.D 38.C 39.B 40.A 41.1 45. C46. E47. D48. J 42.G 43.F 44.H 49. B 第三大题 50 至 64 小题，每题 1 分；第 65 至 75 小题，每题 2 分；第 76 至 80 小题，每题 1 分；第 81 至 84 小题，每题 2 分。共 50 分。 50. A51. C52. D53. C54. A55. B 56. D 57. B 58. B59. A 60. A 61. B 62. C 63. D64. D 65. B 66. B67. C 68. D 69. D 70. A 71. C 72. C 73. D 74. C 75. A 76. F 77. A 78. E 79. D 80. C 81. younger children and adults 82. school reform efforts and the changes in population 83. In early adolescence 84. They have less close supervision of parents. /They manage to escape adult supervision./They are increasingly autonomous. 第 II 卷 I. 翻译 共20 分 1. Shebegan to play the violin five years ago. 2. Owingto bad weather, the flight was delayed for a couple of hours. 3. Everydesigner hopes that his work can stand the test of time. 4. Itis a difficult problem for high school students whether they can resist the temptation of online games. 5. Atthe exhibition, the company’s sales manager demonstrated the new type of electronic toys (which/that) children were looking forward to. 第 – 12 -页 共 30 页 上海 英语卷参考答案及听力原文 第 I 卷 01—05. BCBCD 17. History 06—10. BADCA 18. HD3309 11—13. ADC 14—16. BDA 20. Tuesday 19. photography 21. religions 22. good friends / more than friends / like a family 24. a simple smile 23. their daughter Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the q uestion you have heard. 1. W:Hello, may I help you? M: Yes, we would like to check into our room. Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place? 2. W:Come on, John! Relax! What can go wrong? M: At my first job interview? Plenty. Q: How does the man feel? 3. M:Good morning, madam, what can I do for you? W: Well, someone at the hotel suggested I come here to buy a coat. Q: What’s the probable relationship between the two speakers? 4. W:I gave Dave 300 dollars for his sponsored concert. M: 300 dollars? Sandy, you must be mad! I wish I had 300 dollars to throw round like that. Q: What does the man mean?[来源:学,科,网] 5. M:Shall I come and take youto the railway station?[来源:Z§xx§k.Com] W: No, thanks, I’ll manage. It’s not far any way.[来源:Zxxk.Com] Q: What can we learn about the woman? 6. W:How many children have you got? M: Two. John’s five and Clair’s four. And there’s another one on the way. Q: How many children will the man most probably have? 1. W:Do you know how I can stop drinking too much coffee? M: No, but I wish I did. I spend too much money at cafe’s. Q: What can we learn from the conversation? 2. W:Could you give me a hand moving this cupboard, please? M: Well, I’d rather not if you don’t mind. I’m not feeling well today. Q: What does the man mean? 3. M:Tom’ s house is a mess! Doesn’t he ever clean it? W: Iguess he just has too much ails on his mind with that new job. Q: What can we learn about Tom? 4. M:I didn’t have any trouble in finding accommodation in Britain. 第 – 13 -页 共 30 页 W: According to my experience, it sounds too good to be true. 5. Q:what does the woman mean? Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. Well, I own a small data processing company, in which I employ about eight to ten workers. And the point I want to make has to do with trust. I know it’s possible to force people to be 100% efficient. But I think when you do that, you lose confidence and trust. I let my employees use our equipment and make personal phone calls. They are more than welcome to decide what is right and wrong. Because I think you can’t run a company by just giving orders to robots and watching them like big brother, right? I think you have to trust people and give them a little freedom. And also, as far as phone calls and all that go, I want my people to call home and check on their children and know their children are safe and sound. As a result, I have devoted employees who are willing to go that extra mile and I can honestly say they show up to work smiling. So I get more satisfaction and rewards by trusting my employees than by suspecting them of doing something wrong. Questions: 6. Whichof the following does the speaker allow his employees to do? 7. Whatresult does the speaker expect to see under his management? 8. Whatdoes the speaker consider important in running a small company? Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. The roots of Canadian English can be found in the events which followed the American revolution of 1776. Those who had supported Britain found themselves unable to stay in the new United States, and most went to Canada. They were soon followed by many thousands who were attracted by the cheapness of land. Within 50years, the population of upper Canada had reached 100 thousand, mainly people from the United States. In the east, the Atlantic provinces had been settled by English speakers as early as the 15th century, but even today, these areas contain less than ten per cent of the population, so that they have only a limited role in the development of Canadian English. In Quebec, the majority of people use French as a mother tone. Here English and French exist together but uneasily. Because of its origins, Canadian English has a great deal in common with the rest of the English spoken in North America, and is often difficult to distinguish for people who live outside the region. To British people, Canadians may sound American; to Americans, they may sound British. Canadians themselves insist on not being identified with either, and certainly, there is a great deal of evidence in support of this view. Questions: 9. Whydid many Americans leave for Canada after the revolution? 10. Whatcan we learn about people in the Atlantic Provinces? 11. Whatconclusion can be drawn about Canadian English from this passage? Section C Directions: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the 第 – 14 -页 共 30 页 information you have heard. Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. A: Good mornin g, Leeds University students registration center. B: Good morning, I need to register for a class. A: OK. May I take your name, please? B: Sure, it’s Andrew Smith. A: Which department do you study with? B: The history department. A: MayI have your student ID? B: HD3309. A: What class are you trying to take? B: I want to take a photography class. A: Well, there’re only two classes open. B: Can you tell me what days the classes are on? A: One is on Tuesday, from 2 pm. to 4 pm. B: And the other? A: From 10:00 to 12:00 on Thursday. B: OK, sign me up for the class on Tuesday. A: Very well, then. Complete the form. Write ONE WORDfor each answer. Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation. A: Welcome to our program, Anny. Please tell our audience the best things about the experiment in international living. B: Well, my group was great! And I love my host family. A: Can you tell us about your group? B: Well, we were all high school students from the US. But we were very different. A: You mean from different cities, with different religions and cultures? B: Yes,and I was existed about that. We learnt that we weren’t really so different.[来源:学+科+网 Z+X+X+K] A: What do you mean? B: Well, we became such good friends. More than friends, we were like a family. A: Wonderful. I’d like to know more about your host family. B: Oh, I loved my host family in Costa Rica. They were my family, too. I felt like I was their daughter. A: So nice! Did you have any problems speaking with them? B: No, not really. Actually, I learnt a lot of Spanish from them. And I also learnt that language is not always so important. A: What do you mean? B: Well, in some cases, a simple smile can say more than words. A: Thanks so much, Anny. Complete the form. Write No More Than 3 Words for each answer. 第 – 15 -页 共 30 页 2012 年高考真题——英语（上海卷）解析版 考生注意： 1．考试时间 120 分钟，试卷满分 150 分。 2．本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。试卷分为第 1 卷（第 1-12 页）和第 II 卷（第 13 页）， 全卷共 13 页。所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上 一律不得分。 3．答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。 第 1 卷 （共 105 分） I . Listening Comprehension Section A Directions：In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said.The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. At a library. B. At a hotel. B. Annoyed. C. At a bank. C. Worried. D. At an airport. D. Satisfied 2. A. Relaxed. 3. A. Doctor and patient. C. Secretary and boss. B. Shop owner and customer. D. Receptionist and guest. 4. A. He would have thrown $300 around. C. Sandy shouldn’t have given that much. 5. A. She lives close to the man. B. $300 is not enough for the concert. D. Dave must be mad with the money B. She changes her mind at last. D. She declines the man’s offer. C. She will turn to her manager. 6. A.2 B.3. C.4. D. 5 7. A. Both of them drink too much coffee. C. They help each other stop drinking coffee. story B. The woman doesn’t Like coffee at all. D. The man is uninterested in the woman’s 8. A. He doesn’t. mind helping the woman. C. He’ll help if the woman doesn’t mind 9. A. He’s planning to find a new job. C. He’s too busy to clean his house 10. A. She doesn’t agree with the man. C. She could hardly find the truth. Section B B. He hesitates whether to help or not. D. He can’t help move the cupboard. B. He prefers to keep his house in a mess. D. He has already cleaned his new house, B. She is good at finding a place to stay. D. She had no travel experience in Britain. Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage 11. A. Use the company’s equipment. C. Make decisions for the company. 12. A. Employees gain full freedom. B. Give orders to robots D. Act as Big Brother. B. Employees suspect one another. 第 – 16 -页 共 30 页 C. Employees’ children are happy. 13. A. Reward.B. Safety. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage D. Employees enjoy working there. C. Trust.D. Honesty 14. A. Canada had a smaller population. C. They wanted to continue the Revolution. 15. A. They standardized Canadian English. C. They enjoy a very high social position. population B. Land was cheaper in Canada. D. They were against Britain. B. They settled there after the Revolution. D. They make up a small part of the 16. A. It is considered unique to some extent. C. It is mainly linked to British culture. Section C B. It is greatly influenced by French. D. It dates back to the late 17th century. Directions: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet. Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. Complete the form.Write ONE WORD for each answer. Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation. Complete the form.Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer. II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence. 25. A. For 【答案】B passion, people won’t have the motivation or the joy necessary for creative thinking. B. WithoutC. BeneathD. By .【解析】考查介词。句意：没有激情，人们就不会拥有创造性思维所必须的动力和快乐。 第 – 17 -页 共 30 页 26. Is honesty the best policy? We _ that it is when we are little. C. are taught A. will teach B. teach D. will be taught 【答案】C 【解析】考查动词时态。讲的是客观事实，用一般现在时。句意：诚实是上上之策？我们从 小就被这样教导过。 27. As Jack left his membership card at home, he wasn’t allowed into the sports club. D. gone A. going B. to go C. go 【答案】B 【解析】考查非谓语动词。allow sb. to do sth.be allowed to do sth.allow doing sth.句意： 杰克因为把会员卡忘在家里了，所以他没有被允许进运动俱乐部。 28. The new law states that people _ drive after drinking alcohol. A. wouldn’t 【答案】 【解析】 29. Only with the greatest of luck _ B. needn’t C. won’t D. mustn’t to escape from the rising flood waters. B. she managedC. did she manageD. she did manage A. managed she 【答案】C 【解析】考查倒装句。Only+状语位于句首，句子要部分倒装。只是有了最好的运气，她才 成功逃脱了正在上涨的洪水的袭击。 30.—I hear that Jason is planning to buy a car. —I know. By next month, he _ enough for a used one. C. has saved A. will have savedB. will be saving D. saves 31.When he took his gloves off, I noticed that one had his name written inside. C. otherD. another A. each B. every 【答案】A 【解析】考查代词。因为是两只手套，所以用 each 指“两者中任何一个”。句意：当他脱下 手套时，我注意到每只手套里都写有他的名字。 32. I have a tight budget for the trip, so I’m not going to fly _ the airlines lower ticket prices. D. unless A. once B. if C. after 【答案】D 【解析】考查连词意义辨析。句意：我的旅行预算比较紧张，所以除非机票降价否则我是不 会乘飞机的。 33. When Peter speaks in public, he always has trouble _ the right things to say. A. thinking of B. to think of C. thought ofD. think of .【答案】A 【解析】考查非谓语动词。have trouble(in)doing 的结构。句意：大庭广众之下讲话，皮特 总是要搜肠括肚想想该说的事。 34. There is much truth in the idea _ A. whyB. which kindness is usually served by frankness. C. that D. whether 第 – 18 -页 共 30 页 35. Have you sent thank-you notes to the relatives from _ _ you received gifts? A. which B. them C. thatD. whom 【答案】D 【解析】考查定语从句。介词+关系代词中只能用 which 或 whom 根据先行词是 relatives(亲 戚)为人选 whom。from whom=and from them。句意：你从亲戚那儿收到了礼物 后，有没有给他们发感谢信？ 36. The club, _ A. founded _ 25 years ago, is holding a party for past and present members. B. foundingC. being foundedD. to be founded 【答案】A 【解析】考查非谓语动词。founded=which was founded。句意：建于 25 年前的这家俱乐部 正在为新老会员举行晚会。 37.—Was it by cutting down staff __she saved the firm? —No, it was by improving work efficiency. A. when B. what C. how D. that 【答案】D 【解析】考查特殊句式。本题是强调句，对 by cutting down staff 进行强调。句意：—是不 是只有通过裁员她才能拯救公司的命运？—不是，要通过提高工作效率来拯救。 38.—We’ve only got this small bookcase. Will that do? —No, _ A. who _ I am looking for is something much bigger and stronger. B. that C. what D. which 39. “Genius” is a complicated concept, _ _ many different factors. C. to involve A. involved B. involving ,D. being involved 【答案】B 【解析】考查非谓语动词。concept 与 involve 是主动关系，用现在分词。现在分词短语作非 限制性定语。“天才”是一个复杂的概念，涉及了许多不同的因素。 40. The map is one of the best tools a man has _ A. wheneverB. whatever 【答案】A _ he goes to a new place. C. wherever D. however 【解析】考查连词的辨析。从句中有“地点 a new place”作宾语，故排除 BC 选项。很显然 本句是时间状语从句。句意：一个人无论什么时候到了一个新地方，地图就是他使 用的最好的工具之一。 Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. maintained B. serious C. indications D. figures E. anxious 第 – 19 -页 共 30 页 F. concern G crisis H. decided I. available J. reversed Filmgoers should be told how many calories there are in the popcorn, ice cream and soft drinks that they buy in cinemas, according to the Food Standard Agency. Smaller popcorn buckets and drink cups should also be made41 ,the nutrition inspector said. Tim Smith, chief executive of the agency, told The Times that cinemas should help to deal with the country’s overweight 42 .”There is a misbelief that popcorn is calorie-free, but that is not the case. It is a 43 to us,” he said. “Portion sizes are also a big issue, and there seems to be increasingly big packs on sale.” He spoke as a number of food chains such as Pret A Manger, Wimpey and The Real Greek to put calorie counts on all their menus. 44 A trial scheme（试行方案） with 21 food companies took place last summer, and45 are that consumers altered their buying habits when they realized the number of calories in a product. A consultation(征询意见) on the trial ends next month but Mr. Smith is already planning the second drive for American-style calorie counts and is 46 to win support from cinemas and other entertainment places, from football grounds to concert halls. Government 47 suggestthat two thirds of adults and a third of children are overweight. 48 ,this could rise to almost nine in ten adults and two thirds of children by If trends are not 2050, putting them at 49 riskof heart disease, cancer and other diseases. III. Reading Comprehension 第 – 20 -页 共 30 页 Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. People on a college campus were more likely to give money to the March of Dimes if they were asked for a donation by a disabled woman in a wheelchair than if asked by a nondisabled woman. In another to the floor. Sometimes the victim had a large red birthmark on his In this situation, the victim was more likely to52 aidif his face was spotless than if he had an unattractive birthmark. In53 theseand other research findings, two themes are : we are more willing to help people we like for some reason and people we think _ 55 50 , subway riders in New York saw a man carrying a stick stumble（绊脚） and fall 51 ;sometimes he did not. 54 _assistance. In some situations, those who are physically attractive are more likely to receive aid.56 ,in a field study researchers placed a completed application to graduate school in a telephone box at the airport. The application was ready to be attached to the application was sometimes that of a very less attractive person. The measure of helping was whether the individual who found the envelope 57 , but had apparently been “lost” . The photo 58 personand sometimes that of a actually mailed it or not. Results showed that people were more likely to 59 person in the photo was physically attractive. the application if the The degree of _ 60 between the potential helper and the person in need is also important. For example, people are more likely to help a stranger who is from the same country rather than a foreigner. In one study, shoppers on a busy street in Scotland were more likely to help a person wearing a(n)61 T-shirt than a person wearing a T-shirt printed with offensive words. Whether a person receives help depends in part on the “worth” of the case. For example, shoppers in a supermarket were more likely to give someone62 _ to buy milk rather than to buy cookies, probably because milk is thought more essential for 63 than cookies. Passengers on a New York subway were more likely to help a man who fell to the ground if he appeared to be rather than drunk. 64 50. A. study B. way C. word D. college 【答案】A 【解析】通过上下文特别是“In 53 these and other research findings,”可以看出这里 实在作调查 研究。 51. A. hand B. arm C. face D. back 【答案】C 【解析】通过下文“the victim was more likely to52 aid if his face was spotless”知道是 D. receive 在脸上。 52. A. refuse B. beg C. lose 53. A. challenging B. recording C. understanding D. publishing 第 – 21 -页 共 30 页 【答案】C 【解析】根据句意和上下文这里应该是“理解”。 54. A. important B. possible C. amusing D. missing 【答案】A 【解析】在理解了（上文所述的）这些情况和其它研究的结果，有两个重要的因素。 55. A. seek B. deserve C. obtain D. accept 【答案】B 【解析】这两个重要因素就是：我们愿意帮助那些我们因为某种原因而喜欢的人，帮助那些 我们认为值得帮助的人。 56. A. At first B. Above all C. In addition D. For example 【答案】D 【解析】本段的首句“In some situations, those who are physically attractive are more likely to receive aid.在某种情况下，那些长得漂亮的人更有可能接受到帮助”提出了观点， 接着就是举例证明。 57. A. printed B. mailed C. rewritten D. signed 【答案】B 【 解 析 】 根 据 下 文 “ The measure of helping was whether the individual who found the envelope actually mailed it or not.”可知答案。 58. A. talented B. good-looking C. helpful D. hard-working 【答案】B 【解析】与下文提到的“a less attractive person”形成对比。 59. A. send in B. throw away C. fill out D. turn down 【答案】A 【解析】与上文中的“mail”同义“邮寄”。其它三个选项的意思为：丢弃；填写；（将音量） 调小 60. A. similarity B. friendship C. cooperation D. contact 61. A. expensive B. plain C. cheap D. strange 【答案】B 【解析】穿着朴素，与下文的“体恤衫上印着攻击性的文字”形成对比。 62. A. time B. instructions C. money D. chances 【答案】C 【解析】62 和 63、64 题都是围绕“一个人是否得到帮助部分取决于‘值得不值得’ 的情况” 这个话题所举的例子。根据下文“to buy milk rather than to buy cookies,”可知是 买东西，买东西当然要用钱。 63. A. shoppers B. research C. children D. health 【答案】D 【解析】根据句意“因为人们认为牛奶比起饼干来对身体更为重要”得到答案。 64. A. talkative B. handsome C. calm D. sick 【答案】D 第 – 22 -页 共 30 页 【解析】人们更倾向于帮助病人而非醉鬼。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Phil White has just returned from an 18,000-mile, around-the-world bicycle trip. White had two reasons for making this epic journey. First of all, he wanted to use the trip to raise money for charity, which he did. He raised £70,000 for the British charity, Oxfam. White’s second reason for making the trip was to break the world record and become the fastest person to cycle around the world. He is still waiting to find out if he has broken the record or not. White set off from Trafalgar Square, in London, on 19th June 2004 and was back 299 days later. He spent more than l,300 hours in the saddle（车座） and destroyed four sets of tyres and three bike chains. He had the adventure of his life crossing Europe, the Middle East, India, Asia, Australia, New Zealand and the Americas. Amazingly, he did all of this with absolutely no support team. No jeep carrying food, water and medicine. No doctor. Nothing! Just a bike and a very, very long road. The journey was lonely and desperate at times. He also had to fight his way across deserts, through jungles and over mountains. He cycled through heavy rains and temperatures of up to 45 degrees, all to help people in need. There were other dangers along the road. In Iran, he was chased by armed robbers and was lucky to escape with his life and the little money he had. The worst thing that happened to him was having to cycle into a headwind on a road that crosses the south of Australia. For l,000 kilometres he battled against the wind that was constantly pushing him. This part of the trip was slow, hard work and depressing, but he made it in the end. Now Mr.White is back and intends to write a book about his adventures. 65. When Phil White returned from his trip, he A. broke the world record C. destroyed several bikes 【答案】B .B. collected money for Oxfam D. travelled about l,300 hours 【解析】细节理解。根据“He raised £70,000 for the British charity, Oxfam.”直接得到答案。 66. What does the word “epic” in Paragraph l most probably mean? A. Very slow but exciting. C. Very smooth but tiring. B. Very long and difficult. D. Very lonely and depressing. 的“孤独和压抑”只是旅途中感觉的一部分并非全部。 67. During his journey around the world, Phil White _ .A. fought heroically against robbers in Iran B. experienced the extremes of heat and cold C. managed to ride against the wind in AustraliaD. had a team of people who travelled with him 第 – 23 -页 共 30 页 68. Which of the following words can best describe Phil White? A. Imaginative. B. Patriotic. C. Modest. D. Determined. 【答案】D 【解析】归纳推理。解本题的首要条件就是对四个选项的正确理解：富有想象力的；爱国 的；谦虚的；坚定（坚决）的。经历了千难万险 Phil White 终于成功完成这次漫 长、艰难而又危险的旅程，说明他意志非常坚定。 (B) The value-packed, all-inclusive sight-seeing package that combines the best of Sydney’s harbour, city, bay and beach highlights. A SydneyPass gives you unlimited and flexible travel on the Explorer Buses: the ‘red’ Sydney Explorer shows you around our exciting city sights while the ‘blue’ Bondi Explorer visits Sydney Harbour bays and famous beaches. Take to the water on one of three magnificent daily harbour cruises(游船). You can also travel free on regular Sydney Buses, Sydney Ferries or CityRail services (limited area), so you can go to every corner of this beautiful city. Imagine browsing at Darling Harbour, sampling the famous seafood at Watsons Bay or enjoying the city lights on an evening ferry cruise. The possibilities and plans are endless with a SydneyPass. Wherever you decide to go, remember that bookings are not required on any of our services so tickets are treated on a first in, first seated basis. SydneyPasses are available for 3, 5 or 7 days for use over a 7 calendar day period. With a 3 or 5 day pass you choose on which days out of the 7 you want to use it. All SydneyPasses include a free Airport Express inward trip before starting your 3, 5 or 7 days, and Lhe return trip is valid (育效的) for 2 months from the first day your ticket was used. SydneyPass Fares *A child is defined as anyone from the ages of 4 years to under 16 years. Children under 4 years travel free. 第 – 24 -页 共 30 页 **A family is defined as 2 adults and any number of children from 4 to under 16 years of age from the same family. 69. A SydneyPass doesn’t offer unlimited rides on A. the Explorer Buses C. regular Sydney Buses 【答案】D B. the harbour cruises D. CityRail services 【解析】细节理解。根据“CityRail services (limited area)”可知是有限的区域。 70. With a SydneyPass, a traveller can A. save fares from and to the airport C. enjoy the famous seafood for free 【答案】A _. B. take the Sydney Explorer to beaches D. reserve seats easily in a restaurant 【解析】细节理解。根据“All SydneyPasses include a free Airport Express”可知到机场是 免费的。 71. If 5-day tickets were to be recommended to a mother who travelled with her colleague and her children, aged 3, 6 and 10, what would the lowest cost be? A. $225. B. $300. C. $360. D. $420. (C) Researchers in the psychology department at the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) have discovered a major difference in the way men and women respond to stress. This difference may explain why men are more likely to suffer from stress-related disorders. Until now, psychological research has maintained that both men and women have the same “fight-or-flight” reaction to stress. In other words, individuals either react with aggressive behavior, such as verbal or physical conflict (“fight”), or they react by withdrawing from the stressful situation (“flight”). However, the UCLA research team found that men and women have quite different biological and behavioral responses to stress. While men often react to stress in the fight-or-flight response, women often have another kind of reaction which could be called “tend and befriend.” That is, they often react to stressful conditions by protecting and nurturing their young (“tend”), and by looking for social contact and support from others – especially other females(‘befriend”). Scientists have long known that in the fight-or- flight reaction to stress, an important role is played by certain hormones(澈素) released by the body. The UCLA research team suggests that the female tend-or-befriend response is also based on a hormone. This hormone, called oxytocin, has been studied in the context of childbirth, but now it is being studied for its role in the response of both men and women to stress. The principal investigator, Dr. Shelley E. Taylor, explained that “animals and people with high levels of oxytocin are calmer, more relaxed, more social, and less anxious.” While men also secrete(分泌) oxytocin, its effects are reduced by male hormones. 第 – 25 -页 共 30 页 In terms of everyday behavior, the UCLA study found that women are far more likely than men to seek social contact when they are feeling stressed. They may phone relatives or friends, or ask directions if they are lost. The study also showed how fathers and mothers responded differently when they came home to their family after a stressful day at work. The typical father wanted to be left alone to enjoy some peace and quiet. For a typical mother, coping with a bad day at work meant focusing her attention on her children and their needs. The differences in responding to stress may explain the fact that women have lower frequency of stress-related disorders such as high blood pressure or aggressive behavior. The tend-and-befriend regulatory(调节的) system may protect women against stress, and this may explain why women on average live longer than men. 72. The UCLA study shows that in response to stress, men are more likely than women to .A. turn to friends for help C. find an escape from reality B. solve a conflict calmly D. seek comfort from children 73. Which of the following is true about oxytocin according to the passage? A. Men have the same level of oxytocin as women do. B. Oxytocin used to be studied in both men and women. C. Both animals and people have high levels of oxytocin. D. Oxytocin has more of an effect on women than on men. 【答案】D 【解析】细节理解。根据第三段中“While men also secrete(分泌) oxytocin, its effects are reduced by male hormones.”可知：尽管男性也分泌催产素，但是催产素对男性的 影响为雄性激素所降低。由此推出答案 D 项。 74. What can be learned from the passage? A. Male hormones help build up the body’s resistance to stress. B. In a family a mother cares more about children than a father does. C. Biological differences lead to different behavioral responses to stress. D. The UCLA study was designed to confirm previous research findings. 【答案】C 【解析】归纳推理。文章中讲男女分泌的激素不同会导致对压力不同的反应。 75. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A. How men and women get over stress B. How men and women suffer from stress C. How researchers overcome stress problems 第 – 26 -页 共 30 页 D. How researchers handle stress-related disorders Section C Directions: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need. A. When a child should learn to read B. Why it is fun to teach a child reading C. What if a child has reading problems D. How you prepare a young child for reading E. What is the best way to teach a child reading F. Whether reading early promises later achievements 该题型都是考查考生归纳段落主旨大意的能力的。 76. Learning to read early has become one of those indicators – in parents’ minds at least – that their child is smart. In fact, reading early has very little to do with whether a child is successful academically. Research has shown that difficulty with reading is often due not to inferior intelligence but to differences in the developmental wiring of each individual child. In some cases, there are neurological problems and developmental lags that can be overcome with proper training. 【答案】F 【解析】根据第二句话“In fact, reading early has very little to do with whether a child is successful academically.（事实上很早就学会阅读与孩子学业上是否成功几乎没有 关系）”可知本段讨论的是很早就学会阅读是否以后就会成功。 77. Traditionally, American schools teach children at age six, but many schools begin teaching informally in kindergarten and pre-kindergarten. If parents start too early to encourage reading,and a child does not immediately succeed, the parent has a hard time relaxing and letting the child go at his or her own pace. 【答案】A 【解析】根据结合第一句和最后一句话“让孩子按照自己的步伐去学习”可知讨论的是何时 让孩子学习。 78. Over the years, research has proved that the use of both the “whole language” method and the “phonic” method works best for a child to master reading. While the whole language approach, which includes reading to children and getting them interested in both the activity of reading and the story they are reading, is helpful, phonics must be taught. Children must be taught that one of the squiggles they see is a “p” and another a “b”. Getting the print off the page requires a different ability than being able to understand the meaning of what is written. 【答案】E 【解析】根据第一句话“‘全语法’和‘语音法’是让孩子掌握阅读的最好方法”可知讨论的是教 第 – 27 -页 共 30 页 孩子阅读的最好方法。 79. You can start developing the skills needed in reading at a very young age without putting any pressure on children. Besides reading to them, parents can start “ear training” their child by playing rhyme games. This develops the child’s ability to recognize different sounds. In reading to children, parents also can point to words as they go, teaching the child that the funny lines on the page are the words you are saying. All this should be a fun activity. 【答案】D 【解析】本段第一句说“培养阅读技巧可以从小抓起”，第二句接着说“除了读给孩子听， 还要通过做韵律诗游戏来‘训练耳力’”，综合这两句可知本段讨论的是如何为孩子的 阅读展开准备工作。 80. Once a child is in school, the learning of reading is inevitably more serious. For children who have some kind of reading difficulty, you must get a professional diagnosis. While the teacher might say the child is merely disinterested but will get over it, disinterest or poor performance in reading can stem from a number of things, some being very specific learning disabilities that can be identified and worked on. But it is very tricky for parents to deal with their own child’s learning disabilities. Section D Directions: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words. While contact between adolescents (between the ages of fifteen and nineteen) and their peers (同 龄人) is a universal characteristic of all cultures, the nature and the degree of such contact vary a great deal. In American contemporary society, adolescents spend much more time with their peers than with younger children or adults. This pattern of age segregation(隔 离 ) in American society did not become usual until the beginning of the industrialized society. Changes in the workplace separated children from adults, with adults working and children attending school. The dramatic increase of mothers in the workplace has further contributed to the reduction in the amount of time adolescents spend with adults. School reform efforts during the nineteenth century, which resulted in age-segregated schools and grades, have reduced the amount of time adolescents spend with younger children. Finally, the changes in population are considered a factor that may have contributed to the emergence of adolescent peer culture. From 1955 t0 1975, the adolescent population increased dramatically, from 11 percent t0 20.9 percent. This increase in the number of adolescents might be a contributing factor to the increase in adolescent peer culture in terms of growth in size. Research supports the view that adolescents spend a great deal of time with their peers. Reed Larson and his colleagues examined adolescents’ daily activities and found that they spend more time talking to their friends than engaging in any other activity. In a typical week, high school students will spend twice as much time with their peers as with adults. This gradual withdrawal from adults begins in early adolescence. Ln sixth grade, adults (excluding parents) account for only 25 第 – 28 -页 共 30 页 percent of adolescent social networks. Another important characteristic ofadolescent peer culture is its increasingly autonomous (自治的) function.While childhood peer groups are conducted under the close supervision of parents, adolescent peer groups typically make an effort to escape adult supervision and usually succeed in doing so. (Note: Answer t.he questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN EIGHT WORDS.) 81.”This pattern of age segregation” refers to the phenomenon that adolescents segregate themselves from 【答案】younger children and adults 【解析】根据第一段中“adolescents spend much more time with their peers than with younger children or adults.”可知青少年会花更多的时间和同龄人在一起，而不是比还小的孩子或成人。 82.Besides changes in the workplace, adolescent peer culture. are the other two factors contributing to 83.When do adolescents start to spend less time with adults? 【答案】In early adolescence 【解析】根据第三段中“This gradual withdrawal from adults begins in early adolescence.” 可以推知答案。 84.How do adolescent peer groups differ from childhood peer groups? 【 答 案 】 They have less close supervision of parents/They manage to escape adult supervision/they are increasingly autonomous. 【解析】通过第三段中“While childhood peer groups are conducted under the close supervision of parents, adolescent peer groups typically make an effort to escape adult supervision and usually succeed in doing so.”可以推知答案。 第 II 卷 （共45 分） I．Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1.她五年前开始拉小提琴。(play) 【答案】She began to play the vilionfive years ago. 【解析】很明显考查的第一个是玩乐器是需要定冠词 the 的，第二个就是时态，可以使用现 2.由于天气恶劣，航班延误了好几个小时。(owing) 【答案】Owing to bad weather, the flight was delayed for a couple of hours. 【解析】考查原因状语，(Owing to的用法)。 3.每位设计师都希望自己的作品能经受时间的考验。(stand) 【答案】Every designer hopes that his work can stand the test of time. 第 – 29 -页 共 30 页 【解析】考查词汇：经得起时间的考验 stand the test of time 4.能否抵御网络游戏的诱惑是摆在中学生面前的一道难题。(It) 【 答 案 】 It is a difficult problem for high school students whether they can resist the temptation of online games. 【解析】考查词汇：resist the temptation of online games 5.在展览会上，公司销售经理展示了孩子们翘首以盼的新型电子玩具。(demonstrate) 【 答 案 】 At the exhibition, the company’s sales manager demonstrated the new(type of) electronic toys(which/that)children were looking forward to. 【解析】翘首以盼这个成语的翻译，the new toys that children are looking forward to 作为定 语就行了。接下来那个展览会考察的就是词汇 exhibition 还有在展览会上这个介词 at；销售经理应译为 sales manager。 II．Guided Writing Directions: Write an English composition in 120 – 150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 上周一，你在一所小学观摩了小女孩 Amy 所在班级的两堂绘画课（如图所示），回家后你用 英语写了一篇日记，内容包括： ●●对两堂绘画课的具体描述； 你从中获得的启发。 第 – 30 -页 共 30 页