2008年上海高考英语真题试卷（word解析版）下载

绝密★启用前 2008 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷） 英语试卷 （满分 150 分，考试时间 100 分钟） 考生注意： 1. 考试时间 120 分钟, 试卷满分 150 分。 2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。试卷分为第 I 卷（第 1－12 页）和第 II 卷（第 13 页）， 全卷共 13 页。所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上 一律不得分。 答题前,务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名,并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上,在答题 纸反而清楚地填写姓名。 I. Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In Section A. you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. l. A.This afternoon. B. Tomorrow. C. Next week. D. Next month. 2. A.She doesn’t play tennis well. C. She is an enthusiastic tennis player. 3. A.At a paint store. B. She likes other sports as well. D. She is a professional athlete. B. At an oil market C. At a science museum. D. At a gallery. 4. A.Work in the yard.B. Buy some wood. C. Go to the bookstore. D. Take a walk. 5. A.A. taxi driver. C. A car cleaner. B. A passenger. D. A mechanic. 6. A.Call a repairman. B. Get out the paper stuck C. Turn to her colleague for help. 7. A.There are not enough gardens. C. Parking areas are closed after 10:00. 8. A.The presentation will begin at noon. C. She’d like to invite the man for lunch. at 12:00. D. Restart the machine B. Parking areas are full before 10:00. D. All classes begin at 10:00. B. She’ll present her work to the man. D. She suggests working on the presentation 9. A.The dormitory hours. B. The problem with the rules. C. The door number of the dormitory. 10. A. The chairs didn’t need to be painted. D. The time to open the dormitory. B. He doesn’t like the color of the chairs. 第 1 页 共 20 页 C. The park could have avoided the problem.D. The woman should have been more careful. Section B Directions: In Section B. you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions II through 13 are based on the following passage 11. A. Worried. B. Surprised. C. Satisfied. D. Uninterested. 12. A. It spoiled Juana’s reputation. C. It bought Juana’s dishwashers. 13. A. A successful business case. C. A case against a global company. B. It copied her ideas without permission. D. It wanted to share the dishwasher market. B. Juana’s waterless laundry. D. The worldwide dishwasher market. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following instructions. 14. A. footprints.B. Food.C. Living insects. 15. A. Don’t touch animals under any circumstances. D. Orange seeds. B. Don’t take away any natural objects from the park. C. Don’t leave litter in the park or throw any off the boat. D. Don’t transport animals from one island to another. 16. A. To protect the guide’s interest. C. To ensure a trouble-free visit. B. To improve the unique environment. D. To get rid of illegal behaviours. Section C Directions: In Section C, you will bear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet. Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. Customs Form Destination: Contents in detail: Value: __17__ __18__ $__19__ __20__ Type of mail: Weight: 1.5 pounds Your item must not contain any dangerous articles prohibited by postal regulations. Complete the form.Write ONE WORD for each answer. Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation. What is the man’s oral report on? An 21 woman. What kind of people are called refugees? Those who22 toescape war or other problems. 第 2 页 共 20 页 How many refugees are there worldwide? What does the man think of Ms. Ogata? About 23 .She is successful both in __24__. Complete the form.Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer. II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B. C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence. 25. The two sportsmen congratulated each other______ winning the match by shaking hands. A. with 26. — Do you want tea or coffee? —______. I really don’t mind. A. NoneB. NeitherC. Either B. on C. in D. to D. All 27. In my view, London’s not as expensive in price as Tokyo but Tokyo is______ in traffic. A. the most organizedB. more organized C. so organized as D. as organized as 28. — Do you know if Terry will go camping this weekend? —Terry? Never! She______ tents and fresh air! A. has hated B. hated C. will hate D. bates 29. According to the air traffic rules, you______ switch off your mobile phone before bearding. A. mayB. canC. wouldD. should 30. My sister, an inexperienced rider, was found sitting on the bicycle______ to balance it. A. having tried 31. — Are you ready for Spain? — Yes. 1 want the girls to experience that______ they are young. A. whileB. untilC. if 32. In recent years many football clubs______ as business to make a profit. A. have runB. have been runC. had been run B. trying C. to try D. tried D. before D. will run 33. If there’s a lot of work______. I’m happy to just keep on until it is finished. A. to doB. to be doingC. doneD. doing 34. As his best friend. I can make accurate guesses about______ he will do or think. A. whatB. whichC. whomD. that 35. Something as simple as______ some cold water may clear your mind and relieve pressure. A. to drinkB. drinkingC. to be drinkingD. drunk 36. It has been proved______ eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life. A. if B. because C. when D. that 37. Ideally______ for Broadway theatres and Firth Avenue, the AVw York Park hotel is a favorite with many guests. A. locating B. being located C. having been locatedD. located 第 3 页 共 20 页 38. We went through a period______ communications were very difficult in the rural areas. A. whichB. whoseC. in whichD. with which 39. So much of interest______ that most visitors simply run out of time before seeing it all. A. offers BeijingB. Beijing offersC. does Beijing offerD. Beijing does offer 40. ______well prepared you are, you still need a lot of luck in mountain climbing. A. HoweverB. WhateverC. No matterD. Although Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once.Note that there is one word more than you need. A. honoured F. granted B. set C. historic H. briefly D. secretly E. citizen J. leading G. route I. restoration Frederick Douglass was an escaped slave in the movement that fought to end slavery in the United Stales. He became a41 vocein the yean before the Civil War. A few weeks ago, the National Park Service (NPS) 42 Douglass’s birth and Black History Month with the reopening of his home at Cedar Hill, a _43 site in Washington. D.C. The two-story house, which contains many of Douglass’s personal possessions, had undergone a three-year 44 (Thanks to the NTS website, however, you don’t have to live in the nation’s capital to visit it. Take a tour online.) He was born Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey to a slave mother and a white father he never knew. Douglass grew up to become the first black _45 to bold a government office — as US minister and consul general (总领事) to Haiti. As a youth, he never went to school. Educating slaves was illegal in the South, so be 46 taught himself to read and write. At 21 years old, he escaped from his slave owner to Massachusetts and changed his last name to Douglass, to hide his identity. In the 1850s, Douglass was involved with the Underground Railroad, the system 47 up by antislavery groups to bring runaway slaves to the North and Canada. His home in Rochester, N.Y. was near the Canadian border. It became an important station on the many as 11 runaway slaves at a time. 48 ,housing as He died in 1895. In his lifetime, Douglass witnessed the end of slavery in 1865 and the adoption of the 15th Amendment to the US Constitution ( 美 国 宪 法 修 正 案 ), which 49 African-Americans the right to vote. III. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. People think children should play sports. Sports are fun, and playing with others. However, playing sports can have __50 effects on children. It may produce feelings of poor self-respect or 第 4 页 共 20 页 aggressive behavior in some children. According to research on kids and sports, 40,000,000 kids play sports in the US. Of these, 18,000,000 say they have been __51 at or called names while of sports. They think sports are just too playing sports. This leaves many children with a bad __52 aggressive. Many researchers believe adults, especially parents and coaches, are the main _53 of too much aggression ill children’s sports. They believe children54 aggressiveadult behavior. This behavior is then further strengthened through both positive and negative feedback. Parents and coaches are powerful teachers because children usually look up to them. Often these adults behave aggressively themselves, sending children the message that__55 is everything. Many parents go to children’s sporting events and shout child behaves57 Aswell, children arc even taught that hurting other players is are pushed to continue playing even when they are injured59 ,the media makes violence 56 at other players or cheer when their 58 or seem exciting. Children watch adult sports games and see violent behavior replayed over and over on television. As a society, we really need to 60_this problem and do something about it. Parents and coaches 61 shouldact as better examples for children. They also need to teach children better They should not just cheer when children win or act aggressively. They should teach 62 children to 63 , themselves whether they win or not. Besides, children should not be allowed to continue to play when they are injured. If adults allow children to play when injured, this gives the message that __64 is not as important as winning. 50. A. restrictive 51. A. knocked 52. A. impression 53. A. resource 54. A. question 55. A. winning 56. A. praises B. negative B. glanced B. concept B. cause C. active D. instructive D. shouted D. expectation D. consequence D. neglect C. smiled C. taste C. course C. copy B. understand B. practicing B. orders C. fun D. sport C. remarks C. aggressively C. possible C. As a result C. make up for C. in return C. values D. insults 57. A. proudly 58. A. acceptable 59. A. By contrast 60. A. look up to 61. A. in particular 62. A. techniques 63. A. respect B. ambitiously B. impolite B. In addition B. face up to B. in all D. bravely D. accessible D. After all D. come up with D. in advance D. directions D. enjoy B. means B. relax C. forgive C. health 64. A. body B. fame D. spirit Section B 第 5 页 共 20 页 Directions: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) ASK LASKAS YOU’VE GOT QUESTIONS. SHE’S GOT ANSWERS My children go to a primary school where they are not allowed to play football in the playground for fear that a child Qmight be hurt. Besides, now the school says there must be no homework because the local secondary school can’t keep up with the amount of homework given in the primary school. Can the school do this?Puzzled Dad It can’t if enough parents do something about it. It is not just schools. We live in a society which wishes to get rid of risk. However, schools should have a little common Asense and courage. Children need risk if they arc to grow up self-sufficient and confident. They need homework, too, if they are to fulfill their academic potential. Complain, loudly. I have a beautiful teenage daughter who spends an hour making up her face in front of the mirror every day. I tell her to go easy. She just gets mad or bursts into tears. How Qcan I make her understand she’s beautiful the way she is.Plain Mom You can’t. Your daughter is at the age when she’s trying to look beautiful, trying on new masks. And if her friends all dress up as she docs, you’re in for an extra hard time. ASupport her and tell her she’s beautiful — even if she looks ridiculous for now. Then invite her to join you for a day at a spa (健康美容中心). Let her try various looks until she’s comfortable in her own skin. 65. Why are the children not allowed to play football in the playground? A. The school is afraid that children might be injured. B. The school is not sensible and confident. C. The children don’t have enough time to do homework. D. The children may fail to fulfill their academic potential. 66. What disturbs Plain Mom is that her daughter______. A. becomes mad B. cries a lot C. spends much rime before the mirror D. is not beautiful enough 67. The solution to Plain Mom’s problem is to______. A. make her daughter look less ridiculous B. let her daughter dress up like her friends C. make her daughter go to a spa every week D. let her daughter feel herself what beauty is (B) Zoe Chambers was a successful PR (Public Relations) consultant and life was going well — she had a great job, a beautiful flat and a busy social life in London. Then one evening in June last year, she received a text message telling her she was out of work. The first two weeks were the 第 6 页 共 20 页 most difficult to live through.” she said. “After everything I’d done for the company, they dismissed me by text! I was so angry and I just didn’t feel like looking for another job. I hated everything about the city and my life.” Then, Zoe received an invitation from an old school friend, Kathy, to come and stay. Kathy and her husband, Huw, had just bought a farm in north-west Wales. Zoe jumped at the chance to spend a weekend away from London, and now, ten months later, she is still on the farm. “The moment I arrived at Kathy’s farm, I loved it and I knew I wanted to stay.” said Zoe. “Everything about my past life suddenly seemed meaningless.” Zoe has been working on the farm since October of last year and says she has no regrets. “It’s a hard life, physically very tiring.” she says. “In London 1 was stressed and often mentally exhausted. But this is a good, healthy tiredness. Here, all 1 need to put me in a good mood is a hot bath and one of Kathy’s wonderful dinners.” Zoe says she has never felt bored on the farm. Every day brings a new experience. Kathy has been leaching her how to ride a horse and she has learnt to drive a tractor. Since Christmas, she has been helping with the lambing — watching a lamb being born is unbelievable, she says, “It’s one of the most moving experiences I’ve ever had. I could never go back to city life now.” 68. When working as a PR consultant in London, Zoe thought she lived a______ life. A. satisfying B. tough C. meaningless D. boring 69. The most important reason why Zoe went to visit Kathy’s farm is that______. A. Zoe lost her job as a PR consultant C. Zoe got tired of the city life B. Kathy persuaded her to do so D. Zoe loved Wales more than London 70. How docs Zoe feel about the country life according to the passage? A. Tiresome and troublesome. B. Romantic and peaceful D. Physically tiring but rewarding. C. Mentally exhausting but healthy 71. Which of the following is closest to the main idea of the passage? A. A friend in need is a friend indeed. C. A misfortune may turn out a blessing. B. Where there is a will, there is a way. D. Kill two birds with one stone. (C) A study involving 8,500 teenagers from all social backgrounds found that most of them are ignorant when it comes to money. The findings, the first in a series of reports from NatWest that has started a five-year research project into teenagers and money, arc particularly worrying as this generation of young people is likely to be burdened with greater debts man any before. University tuition fees ( 学 费 ) are currently capped at £3,000 annually, but this will be reviewed next year and the Government is under enormous pressure to raise the ceiling. In the research, the teenagers were presented with die terms of four different loans but 76 per cent failed to identify the cheapest. The young people also predicted that they would be earning on average £ 31.000 by the age of 25, although the average salary for those aged 22 to 29 is just £ 17,815. The teenagers expected to be in debt when they finished university or training, although 第 7 页 共 20 页 half said that they assumed the debts would be less than £ 10000. Average debts for graduates are £ 12，363. Stephen Moir, head of community investment at the Royal Bank of Scotland Group which owns NatWest, said. “The more exposed young people are to financial issues, and the younger they become aware of them, the more likely they arc to become responsible, forward-planning adults who manage their finances confidently and effectively.” Ministers are deeply concerned about the financial pressures on teenagers and young people because of student loans and rising housing costs. They have just introduced new lessons in how to manage debts. Nikki Fairweather, aged 15 from St Helens, said that she had benefited from lessons on personal finance, but admitted that she still had a lot to learn about money. 72. Which of the following can be found from the five-year research project? A. Students understand personal finances differently. B. University tuition fees in England have been rising. C. Teenagers tend to overestimate their future earnings. D. The students’ payback ability has become a major issue. 73. The phrase “to raise the ceiling” in paragraph 2 probably means “______”. A. to raise the student loans B. to improve the school facilities D. to lift the school building roofs C. to increase the upper limit of the tuition 74. According to Stephen Moir, students_______. A. are too young 10 be exposed 10 financial issues B. should learn 10 manage their finances well C- should maintain a positive attitude when facing loans D. benefit a lot from lessons on personal finance 75. What can we learn from the passage? A. Many British teenagers do not know money matters well B. Teenagers in Britain are heavily burdened with debts. C. Financial planning is a required course at college. D. Young people should become responsible adults. (D) The world economy has run into a brick wall. Despite countless warnings in recent years about the need to address a potential hunger crisis in poor countries and an energy crisis worldwide, world leaders failed to think ahead. The result is a global food crisis. Wheat, corn and rice prices have more than doubled in the past two years. And oil prices have increased more than three times since the start of 2004. These food-price increases, combined with increasing energy costs, will slow if not stop economic growth in many parts of the world and will even affect political stability. Practical solutions to these problems do exist, but we’ll have to start thinking ahead and acting globally. Here are three steps to ease the current food crisis and avoid the potential for a global crisis. 第 8 页 共 20 页 The first is to promote the dramatic success of Malawi, a country in southern Africa, which three years ago established a special fund to help its farmers get fertilizer and seeds with high productivity. Malawi’s harvest doubled after just one year. An international fund based on the Malawi model would cost a mere $10 per person annually in the rich world, or S10 billion altogether. Second, the U.S. and Europe should abandon their policies of paying partly for the change of food into biofuels. The U.S. government gives farmers a taxpayer-financed payment of 51 cents per gallon of ethanol (乙醇) changed from corn. There may be a case for biofuels produced on lands that do not produce foods — tree crops, grasses and wood products — but there’s no case for the government to pay to put the world’s dinner into the gas tank. Third, we urgently need to weather-proof die world’s crops as soon and as effectively as possible. For a poor farmer, sometimes something as simple as a farm pond — which collects rainwater to be used in dry weather — can make the difference between a good harvest and a bad one. The world has already committed to establishing a Climate Adaptation hind to help poor regions climate-proof vital economic activities such as food production and health care but has not yet acted upon the promise. 76. An international fund based on the Malawi model would______. A. cost each of the developed countries $10 billion per year B. aim to double the harvest in southern African countries In a year C. decrease the food prices as well as the energy prices D. give poor farmers access to fertilizer and highly productive seeds 77. With the second step, the author expresses the idea that ______. A. it is not wise to change food crops into gas B. it is misleading to put tree crops into the gas tank C. we should get alternative forms of fuel in any way D. biofuels should be developed on a large scale 78. Which of the following is true according to the passage? A. A rain-collecting pond is a simple safeguard against dry weal B. A Climate Adaptation Fund has been established to help poor C. The world has made a serious promise to build farm ponds. D. It makes a great difference whether we develop wood products or not. 79. In the passage, the author calls on us to______. A. slow down but not to stop economic. B. develop tree crops, grasses and wood products C. achieve economic growth and political stability D. act now so as to relieve the global food shortage Section C 第 9 页 共 20 页 Directions: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for each paragraph. Thereis one extra heading which you do not need. A. Maintain a Balanced Diet. B. Keep a Healthy Self-image. C. Difficulty in Curing Eating Disorders D. Best Prevention of Eating Disorders E. What Factors Bring about an Earing Disorder? F. How Does One Develop an Eating Disorder? 80. The causes of eating disorders are not clear. There may be genetic or biochemical factors in some cases. There may be psychological problems from early childhood or the present (such as school or family conflicts) that trigger the problem. Often, there is the double pressure to enjoy life through food and yet remain ultra-slim. Society all around us encourages eating and drinking as main ways to enjoy life- To be popular, you are supposed to eat, eat, eat. 81. But in real life most people, if they keep consuming like that, just keep pulling on more and more weight They then find themselves in conflict with another dominant pressure in society — to stay slim and trim. Models in ads, even those shown earing fairy foods, are usually physically lit and quite thin. All of these pressures put teens in a terrible situation. The “.solution” that some teens choose is to deny themselves all the time so as to keep temptation away. Bui soon, hunger and food boredom lead to overeating. Over time they develop anorexia or ballerina. 82. Once an earing disorder has become firmly established, there is no easy cure. Someone who’s never suffered anorexia and never known an anorexic might be tempted to think. “It’s simple — just tell them to eat more!” Unfortunately, it’s not that simple. Even when anorexics have been brought into the hospital and arc receiving physical care, nutritional therapy, and psychiatric care, many don’t improve much. 83. Our society’s obsession with thinness, together with a constant emphasis on the theme that rich food means pleasure, puts many teens in a difficult situation. Being drawn to overeating on the one hand and self-denial on the other can bring about anorexia or bulimia — or both. Anorexics seem to feel that no matter how much weight they lose, they are still too fat Therefore, it is important for each person in our society to try to maintain a healthy and realistic self-image. Don’t compare yourself with the models and actors in the media. Set your sights more realistically by comparing yourself with family and friends, if anyone. 84. Self-denial is the typical first step toward a caring disorder. Eventually, desires for what you’ve denied yourself become unbearable, and you react with either a binge or overly fierce self-control. The answer is not of course. 10 eat all the snacks and trace you fancy. But 10 avoid 第 10 页 共 20 页 that first step that leads to overeating, strive for a good and healthy diet. Such a diet is based primarily on grain products, fruits, and vegetables, with moderate amounts of meat and dairy products and with small amounts of snacks and desserts. Research demonstrates that miss kind of diet leaves you more alert and energetic. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1. 我们打篮球的时间到了。 (time) 2. 他设法把游客及时送到了机场。 (manage) 3. 你今晚能来参加我的生日聚会? (possible) 4. 应该鼓励年轻人按照自己的特长选择职业。(encourage) 5. 我对学生所谈的电子产品一无所知，我发现自己落伍了。(ignorant) 6. 尽管遭受如此严重的自然灾害，但只要不灰心，我们终会克服暂时的困难。(Although…) Guided Writing Directions: Write an English composition in 120 – 150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 你班将组队参加学校组织的集体舞比赛（group dancing competition)，班长希望大家积极参 加。对此谈谈你的看法。 你的文章必须包括以下内容： 你是否会参加比赛 ·你做出该决定的具体理由 第 11 页 共 20 页 2008 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷） 试题答案 听力理解 第一部分 CCDAA BBDAC 第二部分 DBAAB 第三部分 17. India18. Sweater19.50 20. Ordinary 21. outstanding 22. leave their countries 23. 17 million24. career and family 单项选择 25—29 BCBDD 30—34 BABAA 35—39 BDDCC 40 A 选词填空 41—49 JACIEDBGF 完形填空 50—54 BDABC 55—59 ADCAB 60—64 BACDC 阅读理解 65—67 ACD 68—71 AADC 72—75 CCBA 76—79 DAAD 六选五 80—84 EFCBA 翻译 1. It’stime for us to play basketball. 2. Hemanaged to send the tourists to the airport in time. 3. Isit possible for you to attend my birthday party this evening? 4. Youngpeople should be encouraged to choose their careers according to their own strong points. 5. Beingignorant of the electronic products the students are talking about, I find myself left behind. 6. Althoughwe are suffering such a severe natural disaster, we will eventually overcome the temporary difficult as long as we don’t lose heart. 第 12 页 共 20 页 上海 2008 年高考英语听力录音原文 Text 1 M: Will Mrs. Johnson be here tomorrow for the meeting? W: Probably not. She called this afternoon to put off the meeting to next week. Q: When will the meeting be held? Text 2 W: It seems Nancy never wants to do anything but play tennis. M: That’s what she likes to do most. Q: What can be inferred about Nancy? Text 3 M: So how do you like this oil painting? W: If I had enough room in my apartment, I would buy it. Q: Where does the conversation probably take place? Text 4 W: Peter, want to take a walk? M: No, I have to go down to the yard now, I’m building some bookshelves. Q: What will Peter probably do next? Text 5 M: The driver is being outside of the taxi for ten minutes now. Shall we hurry up? W: That’s all right. We’re paying him anyway. Q: Who are the speakers talking about? Text 6 M: The copying machine is broken again. I’ll call for the service. W: It’s only junk. Just remove the paper stuck in it. I’ll show you. Q: What will the woman do? Text 7 M: It’s impossible to find a place to park before the class obtained. W: Yeah, we seem to make more parking areas here. Q: What can we learn from the conversation? Text 8 M: Can we make later to work on our presentation? M: How about noon? Q: What does the woman mean? Text 9 第 13 页 共 20 页 M: Would you tell me what time the dormitory doors will be locked. W: No problem. In face I can give a copy of the dormitory rules. Q: What does the man want to know? Text 10 W: …Look at this red painter on my dress. Might the park paint the chairs. M: That’s too bad. They might at least put up the sign there. Q: What does the man imply? Passage 1 Joanna Lopes has invented a number of things over the years. One day she had an idea for a dish machine that worked without using water. She went to see several dish washer manufacturers about producing the machine. But none of them were interested. Joanna found investors to support her idea and founded her own production company. She spent millions of dollars on developing her dish washer. And it was put to the market three years later. From then on, sales were very good, better even than Joanna had hopped. But Glob Domestic, one of the companies that she has been to see made its own waterless dish washer. Joanna obtained one and found they use the technical ideas she had developed. She had obtained legal protection for these ideas. So that other companies could not use them. After a long legal process, Glob Domestic was forced to stop making its competing dish washer and to pay Joanna several million dollars. Now Joanna’s waterless dish washer has 40℅of the worldwide dish washer market, and this is increasing every year. Question 11: How did the manufacturers fill Joanna’s idea for a dish washer? Question 12: Why was Glob Domestic forced to pay Joanna much money? Question 13: What is the story mainly about? Passage 2 Attention, please. In a moment, you’ll be starting your tour, but there are just a few things I’d like to warn through. The Glob Gist Islands National Park which has come up some rules which I’d like to read to you now. The most important rule is that no plants or animals or any other natural objects are to be removed from the park. Doing this could harm the balance of the park and it’s also illegal. Also, be careful not to transport any live material, such as seeds and insects to the islands or from one island to another. This two is against the law. All the islands have their own unique plants and animals and any introduced species could destroy the whole system. Please don’t take any food with you. If you drop as much as an orange seed, it could grow into a tree, and damage the existing system. Humans are only temporary visitors to these islands and we want to make sure the only things we leave behind is our foot prints. Now, moving to the wide life of the park, please don’t touch animal and any circumstances, because some animals are remarkably fearless. But they’ll quickly lose this fearlessness if they are reproached by humans. Don’t feed the animals, don’t leave litter on the islands, or throw any off your boat. Carry along a bag of some sort if you need to put litter in. Question14: What can tourist leave behind? Question 15: What is the most important rule during the tour of the national park? Question 16: Why does the guide emphasize the park rules before the tour? 第 14 页 共 20 页 Conversation 1 M: Good morning, I’d like to send this package to India. W: I’ll need you to fill in a custom’s form, please. M: Sure. Contents in detail, erm… sweater, value, erm… 50 dollars. weight? Oh, I don’t know the weight. W: Put it on the scale. M: There you go. W: Ok, that’s one pound and a half. M: Really? How much is that in kilograms? W: Oh, over half a kilo. Now, is it in ordinary mail or air mail? M: Ordinary mail, please. W: That’s going to thirteen dollars seventy two. M: Thank you. Conversation 2 M: My homework assignment is too hard. W: What is it? M: I’m doing all of the report on the outstanding woman. I choose Stuco Ogata. I have to present it to the class tomorrow. W: Do you know the material? M: I think so. W: Ok, let’s practice. I ask you some questions. M: Ok. W: All right, then. Just why is Stuco Ogata well-known? M: She worked for the United Nations as a high-ranking official on refugees. She worked on the job for ten years and supervised 2200 people. W: En… What are the refugees? M: Well, refuges are people who leave their countries to escape wars or other problems. W: Is the refuge issue a big problem? M: Yes, world wide, now there are about 17 million refugees. W: Wow, last question. Why did you choose Ms. Stuco to fill your report? M: She is successful, she moved to the United States and received a PHD from UC Brooklyn. As a Korea woman, she also got married and had two lovely children. 第 15 页 共 20 页 2008 年上海高考试卷解析 单项选择 25 【解析】此题考查短语congratulate sb. on/ upon sth./ doing sth.意思是“为某事向某人祝 贺”，所以，选择介词on。 26【解析】此题考查代词none, neither, either, all的用法，根据上句知道是两者之间进行选择， 而且从后一句的“我真的不介意”可知第二人的意思是“两者中哪一个都可以”，所以选择 either，而其他三项不合题意。 27【解析】此题考查比较级的用法。根据句意知“在我看来，伦敦的…从价格上看不如东京 的贵，但是，从通上看，东京比伦敦更…”，本句后面实际上是省略了than Tokyo,所以二者 进行比较，只能选择答案B。在表示否定的同级比较时，常用本句前面出现“not so/as …as” 结构，意为“前者不如后者”。 28【解析】此题是情境交际题，考查学生对英语在语境中进行应用的能力。从第二个人先问 “Terry?”后感叹“never”的语气中,我们可以得知 Terry 是不喜欢 go camping 的，所以答案是 hates,用一般现在时态表示 Terry 惯常的喜好。 29【解析】此题考查情态动词的用法。根据句意“按照空中交通规则，你应当在登机前关掉 你的手机”，所以只有 should(应该，应当)符合题意。 30【解析】此题考查非谓语动词的用法。句中的空格处动词与主语 my sister 构成主动关系， 即 try 这个动作是 my sister 发出的，所以用 trying 表示她主动“设法/尝试着保持自行车平 衡”。 31【解析】此题考查 while 的用法，while 可以作“当…的时候，趁着…”讲，符合题意“趁着 这些女孩年轻，我想让她们去体验一次”；而 until 是“直到…才”；if 是“如果，是否”；before 是“从前，在…之前”的意思，都不合题意。 32【解析】此题考查动词时态和语态的用法。从句中in recent years知道，此题要用现在完成 时态，又因为clubs 和run的关系是被动的，所以只能选择B项。 33【解析】此题考查不定式的用法。根据句意“如果还有一些工作要做，我乐意坚持着直到 做完”，可以知道这些工作是“要被做”，所以要用不定式的to do形式表示将要做的事情，而 且，在there be的这个句型中，如果be 后面的sth.要跟上不定式，要用主动形式表示被动， 所以选择A项，而不选择其他。又如“If there is something to do, I will do it immediately.” 34【解析】此题考查宾语从句的用法。在本句中，what引导了一个宾语从句，其中what 既 作about的宾语，又在宾语从句中作do和think的宾语；而that在宾语从句中不做成分，故选择 what。 35【解析】考查动名词做主语的用法。句中的Something as simple as drinking some cold water 共同做主语，谓语是clear和relieve。不定式虽然也可以做主语，但在此题中有as…as结构， 所以要选择和something较一致的动名词而不是不定式。答案是B项。 36【解析】此题考查that引导的主语从句的用法。句中的it是形式主语，真正的主语是eating vegetables in …life,所以要that引导这个主语从句，而that不作任何成分，也没有意义，故答 案是D项。 37【解析】此题考查分词短语作状语的用法。be located是固定短语，意思是“坐落于/位 于…”，在前半句作为整个句子的状语，表示主语的状态，locate的逻辑主语是后面句子的主 语，即the New York Park hotel所以排除了A项，此处不表示正在进行，所以排除了B和C项。 38【解析】此题考查定语从句的用法。Period后面的定语从句中缺少时间状语，要用when,而 此题中没有when,所以要选择in which相当于in the period,表示时间，作句中的状语。which要 在定语从句中做主语或宾语，而此处的“介词+which”中要选择介词in,而不选择with. 定语从 第 16 页 共 20 页 句中“介词+which”中介词的选择，一要看先行词，二要看与定语从句谓语动词的搭配，三要 看句意。 39【解析】考查倒装句型的用法。当 so/such…that 结构中的 so/such 位于句首时，句子谓语 要部分倒装。所以本题答案为 C 项，又如：So frightened was she in the earthquake that she didn’t dare to move. 40【解析】此题考查however的用法。However等于no matter how,但no matter不能单独用。句 中的well是副词，所以用however,而不用whatever。 选词填空 41. J.根据第一段的意思“Frederick Douglass是美国在结束奴隶制度的战斗中逃跑出去的一个 奴隶，他在美国内战以前的岁月里是起到了先声作用的人物”，所以，要选择leading。 42. A. honour此处是“带来荣誉，为纪念…”的意思。 43. C.根据上下文意思，Frederick Douglass在Cedar Hill的家当然就成了“historic:有历史意义 的”site，所以选择historic。 44. I．根据前后文意思，知道“这盛有Frederick Douglass个人财产的两层楼的房子，经过了 三年的重新修缮后才向世人开放”，所以，选择I。 45. E.根据上下文意思，Frederick Douglass成为第一个拥有政府办公室的黑人“市民”，所以 选择citizen。 46. D．当Frederick Douglass年轻的时候，他从来没有能够去学校接受教育，因为当时在美国 南部黑人受教育是不合法的，所以，他只能“秘密地自学”，故选择secretly。 47. B．set up为固定短语，意思是“建立、建造、设立”。 48. G．根据前后文的语境，此处应填route, on the route是“在这一路线上，它成了最重要的站 点”。 49. F．grant right是“授权”的意思。 完形填空 主要内容是：人们一般认为孩子要进行运动，因为运动是有趣的，而且可以使孩子保持身体 健康。然而，对孩子来说，进行体育运动也有消极的作用。 50. B．根据句中的however可知此处是表示了语意的转折，那么就要选择一个表示否定、消 极的意义的词，所以选择negative。restrictive是“受约束的，限制的”，active是“积极的”，instructive 是“有教育意义的”，都不合题意。 51. D．此处的shout at和后面的call names构成并列关系，容易选出。 52. A．根据句意“这会给孩子留下不好的印象”，leave impression是“留下印象”的意思。 53. B．根据句意知“很多研究人员认为，成年人，尤其是父母和教练，是在孩子的运动出现 很多攻击/侵略行为的起因”，导致某事发生的原因用cause,其他三项意思不合句意。 54. C．根据上下文可知，“他们认为孩子在模仿/复制成年人的行为”，故选择copy。 55. A．据上下文知道，大人们经常是有意无意地把这样的信息传达给孩子，那就是“在运动 中取胜就是一切”，所以，选择 winning。 56. D．在运动中对其他的选手，即对手当然是 insults(辱骂/侮辱的言行)。 57. C．大人们常因为自己的孩子在运动中表现出进攻性、侵略性动作时就为之欢呼、加油。 58. A．同样，孩子们甚至被教导到伤害对手是可以被接受的，所以选择 acceptable, impolite 是“不礼貌的”，possible 是“可能的”，accessible 是“易接近的”，均不合题意。 59. B．这里是又说到了另外的一个方面，即 media 的作用，所以，此处要填 in addition。 第 17 页 共 20 页 60. B．此处考查短语意思辨析。face up to 是“面对，直面”的意思，符合句意。look up to 是 “尊重”的意思，make up for 是“弥补，补偿”的意思，come up with 是“提出，提供，赶上”的 意思，都不合句意。 61. A．此处填 in particular 表示“尤其”，强调尤其是父母或教练应当给孩子们树立起好的榜 样。in all 是“总共”，in return 是“作为报答，作为回报”,in advance 是“提前”的意思，都不合 此处意思。 62. C．根据句意，“父母或教练应该教给孩子更好的价值观”，而不是“技术、手段、方向”。 63. D．enjoy oneself是固定搭配，意为“过得愉快”，其他三项意思不符。 64. C．根据句意“如果大人们告诉孩子受伤了也要继续进行运动，他们就给了孩子这样的信 息，即：生命健康不如获胜重要”，所以此处要选择 health，而不是 body(身体)，fame(名誉)， spirit(精神)。 阅读理解 A篇 主要内容：你如果有问题，可以问Laskas，她会给你想要的解答。是关于困惑于孩子问题的 父母向专家请教的阅读文章，列举了一个父亲和一个母亲的问题，Laskas给了他们回答。 65. A．细节理解题。根据这个父亲的陈述，“这个学校的学生不允许在操场上踢足球是因为 学校怕他们可能会受伤”，从第一句话的“for fear that a child might be hurt”可得答案。 66. C．细节推理题。根据这个母亲的陈述，困扰她的是“她的十几岁的女儿每天在镜子前化 妆一个小时”，所以，选择C项。 67. D．段落大意题。根据最后一段，概括出解决这个母亲问题的方法就是“让她的女儿自己 感觉到自然状态的她是最美的，而不是靠化妆才美丽的”。 B篇 主要内容：讲述了Zoe Chambers这个曾经作为PR consultant的成功人士——生活得很好，有 一份体面、重要的工作，拥有一套漂亮的公寓，过着繁忙、紧张的伦敦社会生活，突然有一 天被炒了鱿鱼，从一度的苦闷、彷徨到最后在朋友农场里重新快乐生活的故事。 68. A．细节推理题。她过去一直以为自己作为咨询师的时候，过得是一种“令人满意的、令 人羡慕的”生活，而不是“费力的、无意义的、无聊的”，所以选择A项。 69. A．细节推理题。她去了朋友农场的最重要原因就是因为她被炒了鱿鱼，失业了，才想 到去农场，故答案是A项，其他三项不是她去农场的最重要原因。 70. D．细节推理题。按照这篇文章的意思，她感觉农村生活是什么样的呢？A项是“劳累的、 麻烦的”，B项是“浪漫的、和平的”，C项是“精神上疲惫的而又是健康的”，这三项都不是她 的感受，她后来的感受是D项“体力上是劳累的但又是值得做的”，故D项就是答案。 71. C.主旨大意题。概括本文的大意，那么可以得出答案：“有时候，一个不幸可能会带来好 运和幸福”，即C项。而A项是“患难之友才是真正之友”，B项是“有志者事竟成”,D项是“一石 二鸟”，都不是本文所要阐发的道理。 C篇 主要内容：本文是关于英国的一个研究机构NatWest的一份调查，该机构对青少年和钱的问 题进行了5年的研究，该项目的一系列研究表明：大部分的青少年对钱的问题认识不深，他 们大多错误估计了未来赚钱的前景，对他们以后可能要负担的债务也没有认识到。 第 18 页 共 20 页 72. C．细节推理题。从第一句话“most of them are ignorant when it comes to money”可以得出 答案,“青少年倾向于过高估计了他们未来赚钱的前景”而没有意识到他们会在未来面临的各 种债务。 73. C.词义猜测题。根据上下文的意思，推测“raise the ceiling”的意思，很显然，不是A项“增 加学生的贷款”，不是B项“改善学校的设施”，也不是D项“增高学校建筑的屋顶”，他们都不 是第二段里提到的意思，那么就只能选择C项“提供学费的上限”。 74. B．细节归纳题。根据第四段里Stephen Moir说的话，来归纳出他的观点，就是“学生们 应该学会更好地理财”。 75. A．主旨大意题。阅览本文后，概括出大意，得A项为答案，即“很多英国的青少年没有 很好地认识钱的问题”。B项是“英国的青少年有很沉重的债务负担”，C项是“财政计划是大 学里的必修课”，D项“年轻人应该对成年人负责”都偏离了文章大意，所以不选。 D篇 主要内容：世界的经济如今已经遇到困难。尽管近年来有很多警告，我们需要警惕在贫穷国 家里可能会有饥荒、以及世界范围内的能源危机，然而世界各国的领导人还是没有能够提早 考虑这些问题。结果就是现在全球范围的食品危机。 76. D．细节理解题。此题可以从第二段的第二句话“to help its farmers get fertilizer and seeds with high productivity”里得到答案。 77. A.段落大意题。文章的第三段里说了第二个步骤，那么作者要表达的意思就是 A 项，“将 粮食转化成汽油是不明智的”，第三段的第一句话中的“abandon”、“paying partly for the change of food into biofuels”也提示了答案。 78. A．细节推理题。根据文章意思知A项是正确的，“修建一个蓄雨水的水池是一个很简单 的对付干季的措施”。而B项“一个气候适应基金已经建立起来，来帮助贫穷地区”是不对的， C项“整个世界对建立农场的池塘已经做出了郑重的承诺”没有提到，D项说“我们是否发展食 品生产是没有什么多大区别的”很显然是错误的。 79. D．深层理解题。通过阅读文章，我们可以获悉作者的用意是来号召“我们立刻行动起来， 来缓解全球的食物短缺”，所以D项为正确答案。 六选五 80. E.从第一句的“causes”和第二句的“factors”可以推测知本段的大意是讲述“什么因素导致了 饮食健康的失调”，所以选择E项。 81. F．从第二段大意知道，本段主要是说“一个人在日常生活中怎么会发展成饮食失调的”， 所以答案就是F。 82. C．从第一句“一旦一个人患了饮食健康失调，就不容易治愈”知这段就是讲“在治疗饮食 失调时的困难”的，所以选择C项。 83. B.本段的中心句是“Therefore, it is important for each person in our society to try to maintain a healthy and realistic self-image.”因此，本题答案就是B。 84. A．通过阅读本段，可以归纳得出答案“要保持一个平衡的饮食”。 翻译 1. 主要考查It’s time for sb. to do sth.句型，此题很容易写出答案。 2. 此题主要查看manage to do，和in time的用法，另外还要注意时态。 3. 因为possible的主语不能是人，所以，常用it作为形式主语完成整个句子，不定式作为真 正主语。 第 19 页 共 20 页 4. 此题中没有主语，所以可用被动语态完成句子，encourage sb. to do sth.的被动语态形式就 是sb. be encouraged to do sth.另外，此题还考查短语according to（按照）和strong points(长处， 特长)。 5. 此题考查动名词作状语、定语从句以及find的用法，being 此处表示原因,products后面用 一个定语从句修饰，find oneself done表示“发现自己被…”,left behind是“被落在后面了”，即“落 伍了”。 6.此题主要查看although引导的让步状语从句用法，后面一定不要出现but，还考查as long as （只要）以及lose heart（灰心）的用法，注意不要写成lose one’s heart。 第 20 页 共 20 页